Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms

Title

Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms

Namespace URI

http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/

Preferred namespace abbreviation

dwcem:

Date version issued

2025-06-12

Date created

2020-10-13

Part of TDWG Standard

http://www.tdwg.org/standards/450

This document version

http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/2025-06-12

Latest version of document

http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/

Previous version

http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/2021-09-01

Abstract

The Darwin Core term establishmentMeans provides information about whether an organism or organisms have been introduced to a given place and time through the direct or indirect activity of modern humans. The Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary provides terms that should be used as values for dwc:establishmentMeans and dwciri:establishmentMeans.

Contributors

Quentin Groom, Peter Desmet, Lien Reyserhove, Tim Adriaens, Damiano Oldoni, Sonia Vanderhoeven, Steven J Baskauf, Arthur Chapman, Melodie McGeoch, Ramona Walls, John Wieczorek, John R.U. Wilson, Paula F Zermoglio, Annie Simpson

Creator

TDWG Darwin Core Maintenance Group

Bibliographic citation

Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2025. Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/2025-06-12

1 Introduction

This document includes terms intended to be used as a controlled value for Darwin Core terms with local name establishmentMeans. For details and rationale, see Groom et al. 2019. Improving Darwin Core for research and management of alien species. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084

1.1 Status of the content of this document

In Section 4, the values of the Term IRI, Definition, and Controlled value are normative. The value of Usage (if it exists for a given term) is normative. The values of Term Name are non-normative, although one can expect that the namespace abbreviation prefix is one commonly used for the term namespace. Label and the values of all other properties (such as Notes) are non-normative.

1.2 RFC 2119 key words

The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

2 Use of Terms

Due to the requirements of Section 1.4.3 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide, term IRIs MUST be used as values of dwciri:establishmentMeans. Controlled value strings MUST be used as values of dwc:establishmentMeans.

3 Term index

establishmentMeans controlled concept scheme | introduced (alien, exotic, non-native, nonindigenous) | introduced: assisted colonisation | native (indigenous) | native: endemic | native: reintroduced | uncertain (unknown, cryptogenic) | vagrant (casual)

4 Vocabulary