Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms

Title: Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms
Namespace URI: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/
Preferred namespace abbreviation: dwcem:
Date version issued: 2021-09-01
Date created: 2020-10-13
Part of TDWG Standard: http://www.tdwg.org/standards/450
This document version: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/2021-09-01
Latest version of document: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/
Previous version: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/2020-10-13
Abstract: The Darwin Core term establishmentMeans provides information about whether an organism or organisms have been introduced to a given place and time through the direct or indirect activity of modern humans. The Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary provides terms that should be used as values for dwc:establishmentMeans and dwciri:establishmentMeans.
Contributors: Quentin Groom, Peter Desmet, Lien Reyserhove, Tim Adriaens, Damiano Oldoni, Sonia Vanderhoeven, Steven J Baskauf, Arthur Chapman, Melodie McGeoch, Ramona Walls, John Wieczorek, John R.U. Wilson, Paula F F Zermoglio, Annie Simpson
Creator: TDWG Darwin Core Maintenance Group
Bibliographic citation: Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. Establishment Means Controlled Vocabulary List of Terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/2021-09-01

1 Introduction

This document includes terms intended to be used as a controlled value for Darwin Core terms with local name establishmentMeans. For details and rationale, see Groom et al. 2019. Improving Darwin Core for research and management of alien species. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084

1.1 Status of the content of this document

In Section 4, the values of the Term IRI, Definition, and Controlled value are normative. The value of Usage (if it exists for a given term) is normative. The values of Term Name are non-normative, although one can expect that the namespace abbreviation prefix is one commonly used for the term namespace. Label and the values of all other properties (such as Notes) are non-normative.

1.2 RFC 2119 key words

The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

2 Use of Terms

Due to the requirements of Section 1.4.3 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide, term IRIs MUST be used as values of dwciri:establishmentMeans. Controlled value strings MUST be used as values of dwc:establishmentMeans.

3 Term index

4 Vocabulary

Term Name dwcem:e
Term IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e
Modified	2020-10-13
Term version IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/version/e-2020-10-13
Label	establishmentMeans controlled concept scheme
Definition	A SKOS Concept Scheme to be used as a controlled vocabulary for the Darwin Core terms dwc:establishmentMeans and dwciri:establishmentMeans
Type	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#ConceptScheme
Executive Committee decision	http://rs.tdwg.org/decisions/decision-2020-10-13_24

Term Name dwcem:e001
Term IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e001
Modified	2021-09-01
Term version IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/version/e001-2021-09-01
Label	native (indigenous)
Definition	A taxon occurring within its natural range.
Notes	What is considered native to an area varies with the biogeographic history of an area and the local interpretation of what is a "natural range".
Controlled value	native
Type	Concept
Executive Committee decision	http://rs.tdwg.org/decisions/decision-2020-10-13_24

Term Name dwcem:e002
Term IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e002
Modified	2021-09-01
Term version IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/version/e002-2021-09-01
Label	native: reintroduced
Definition	A taxon re-established by direct introduction by humans into an area that was once part of its natural range, but from where it had become extinct.
Notes	Where a taxon has become extirpated from an area where it had naturally occurred it may be returned to that area deliberately with the intension of re-establishing it.
Controlled value	nativeReintroduced
Type	Concept
Executive Committee decision	http://rs.tdwg.org/decisions/decision-2020-10-13_24

Term Name dwcem:e003
Term IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e003
Modified	2021-09-01
Term version IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/version/e003-2021-09-01
Label	introduced (alien, exotic, non-native, nonindigenous)
Definition	Establishment of a taxon by human agency into an area that is not part of its natural range.
Notes	Organisms can be introduced to novel areas and habitats by human activity, either on purpose or by accident. Humans can also inadvertently create corridors that break down natural barriers to dispersal and allow organisms to spread beyond their natural range.
Controlled value	introduced
Type	Concept
Executive Committee decision	http://rs.tdwg.org/decisions/decision-2020-10-13_24

Term Name dwcem:e004
Term IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e004
Modified	2021-09-01
Term version IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/version/e004-2021-09-01
Label	introduced: assisted colonisation
Definition	Establishment of a taxon specifically with the intention of creating a self-sustaining wild population in an area that is not part of the taxon's natural range.
Notes	In the event of environmental change and habitat destruction a conservation option is to introduce a taxon into an area it did not naturally occur.
Controlled value	introducedAssistedColonisation
Type	Concept
Executive Committee decision	http://rs.tdwg.org/decisions/decision-2020-10-13_24

Term Name dwcem:e005
Term IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e005
Modified	2020-10-13
Term version IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/version/e005-2020-10-13
Label	vagrant (casual)
Definition	The temporary occurrence of a taxon far outside its natural or migratory range.
Notes	Natural events and human activity can disperse organisms unpredictably into places where they may stay or survive for a period.
Controlled value	vagrant
Type	Concept
Executive Committee decision	http://rs.tdwg.org/decisions/decision-2020-10-13_24

Term Name dwcem:e006
Term IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e006
Modified	2021-09-01
Term version IRI	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/version/e006-2021-09-01
Label	uncertain (unknown, cryptogenic)
Definition	The origin of the occurrence of the taxon in an area is obscure.
Notes	When there is a lack of fossil or historical evidence for the occurrence of a taxon in an area it can be impossible to know if the taxon is new to the area or native.
Controlled value	uncertain
Type	Concept
Executive Committee decision	http://rs.tdwg.org/decisions/decision-2020-10-13_24