達爾文核心標準快速參考指南

本文件旨在作為易於閱讀的參考指南，收錄截至2023年9月18日現行推薦術語，這些術語作為達爾文核心標準的一部分，且由達爾文核心標準維護小組維護。

需要協助嗎？ 欲進一步瞭解如何使用達爾文核心標準，請參閱達爾文核心標準問答網站。仍有疑問？請將新問題（疑問/狀況）提交至 GitHub 上的 dwc-qa 問題頁面，或使用表單。請參閱本文件末尾的如何引用達爾文核心標準。

想貢獻心力嗎？ 欲瞭解如何為達爾文核心標準貢獻心力（包括如何提出變更建議），請參閱貢獻指南。

本頁並非標準的一部分，而是將規範性術語名稱與定義，與旨在協助使用者一致運用術語的非規範性註解及範例合併呈現。定義、註解與範例中可能包含命名空間縮寫（例如「dwc:」）。這些內容的加入，旨在表明該詞所附屬的詞義，非常明確地指涉該命名空間中定義的術語。因此，dwc:Event 指的是由達爾文核心標準在 https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/#event 定義的 Event。以命名空間縮寫後接大寫開頭（例如 dwc:Occurrence）的術語，屬於達爾文核心標準類型術語。此類特殊術語用於將屬性術語（即以小寫名稱開頭且接續命名空間縮寫的術語，例如 dwc:eventID）進行分組，以便利使用。當前及已廢棄術語的完整詮釋資料，以人類可讀形式呈現於文件達爾文核心標準術語清單中。

附加的 [僅含當前術語名稱的檔案] (https://github.com/tdwg/dwc/tree/master/dist) 以及一份完整術語歷史檔案可於達爾文核心標準儲存庫中找到。

記錄層級

此類別包含通用術語，這些術語可能適用於資料集中的任何類型記錄。

type
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type
定義	The nature or genre of the resource.
註釋	Must be populated with a value from the DCMI type vocabulary (https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-type-vocabulary/2010-10-11/).
範例	`StillImage` `MovingImage` `Sound` `PhysicalObject` `Event` `Text`

modified
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
定義	Date on which the resource was changed.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

language
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/language
定義	A language of the resource.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 5646. This term has an equivalent in the dcterms: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`en` (for English) `es` (for Spanish)

license
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/license
定義	A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
註釋
範例	`http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode` `http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode`

rightsHolder
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/rightsHolder
定義	A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.
註釋
範例	`The Regents of the University of California`

accessRights
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/accessRights
定義	Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status.
註釋	Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
範例	`not-for-profit use only` (string literal example) `https://www.fieldmuseum.org/field-museum-natural-history-conditions-and-suggested-norms-use-collections-data-and-images` (URI example)

bibliographicCitation
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation
定義	A bibliographic reference for the resource.
註釋	From Dublin Core, "Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself - "how to cite this record". Note that the intended usage of dcterms:references in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource - "where to find the as-close-to-original reference", if one is available.
範例	`Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley. MVZ Mammal Collection (Arctos). Record ID: http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861?seid=101356. Source: http://ipt.vertnet.org:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=mvz_mammal.` (Occurrence example) `https://www.gbif.org/species/2439608 Source: GBIF Taxonomic Backbone` (Taxon example) `Rand, K.M., Logerwell, E.A. The first demersal trawl survey of benthic fish and invertebrates in the Beaufort Sea since the late 1970s. Polar Biol 34, 475–488 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-010-0900-2` (Event example)

references
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/references
定義	A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
註釋	From Dublin Core, "This property is intended to be used with non-literal values. This property is an inverse property of Is Referenced By." The intended usage of this term in Darwin Core is to point to the definitive source representation of the resource (e.g., dwc:Taxon, dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Event), if one is available. Note that the intended usage of dcterms:bibliographicCitation in Darwin Core, by contrast, is to provide the preferred way to cite the resource itself.
範例	`http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MVZ:Mamm:165861` (MaterialEntity example) `https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/32664 (Taxon example)`

associatedMedia
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedMedia
定義	與該筆紀錄相關的多媒體連結，若有多個連結以 "\|" 分隔。
註釋
範例	`https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520962 \| https://arctos.database.museum/media/10520964`

associatedReferences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedReferences
定義	與此出現紀錄相關的文獻(如出版刊物、學術引用、全球唯一識別碼或URI等)列表(使用標點符號分隔)。
註釋	。
範例	`http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/322/5899/261` `Christopher J. Conroy, Jennifer L. Neuwald. 2008. Phylogeographic study of the California vole, Microtus californicus Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3):755-767.` `Steven R. Hoofer and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships of Plecotine Bats and Allies Based on Mitochondrial Ribosomal Sequences. Journal of Mammalogy 82(1):131-137. \| Walker, Faith M., Jeffrey T. Foster, Kevin P. Drees, Carol L. Chambers. 2014. Spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) microsatellite discovery using illumina sequencing. Conservation Genetics Resources.`

feedbackURL
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/feedbackURL
定義	A uniform resource locator (URL) that points to a webpage on which a form may be submitted to gather feedback about the record.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to optionally include query strings that act to pre-populate web page form elements and communicate the context.
範例	`https://example.com/new?title=New+issue&body=This+comment+is+about+CAN12345`

institutionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionID
定義	An identifier for an organization.
註釋	For physical specimens, the recommended best practice is to use a globally unique and resolvable identifier from a collections registry such as the Research Organization Registry (ROR) or the Global Registry of Scientific Collections (https://scientific-collections.gbif.org/).
範例	`https://ror.org/015hz7p22` `http://grscicoll.org/institution/museum-southwestern-biology` `https://www.gbif.org/grscicoll/institution/e3d4dcc4-81e2-444c-8a5c-41d1044b5381`

collectionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionID
定義	An identifier for a collection.
註釋	若為實體標本，建議使用通用名冊中的識別碼，例如：Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (https://scientific-collections.gbif.org/)。
範例	`https://scientific-collections.gbif.org/collection/fbd3ed74-5a21-4e01-b86a-33d36f032d9c`

datasetID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetID
定義	An identifier for the set of data. May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to a collection or institution.
註釋
範例	`b15d4952-7d20-46f1-8a3e-556a512b04c5`

institutionCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/institutionCode
定義	A name (or acronym) in use by an institution having custody of a resource.
註釋	The institution having ownership of a resource should be given in dwc:ownerInstitutionCode.
範例	`MVZ` `FMNH` `CLO` `UCMP` `National Museum of Kenya` `Kew Gardens`

collectionCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/collectionCode
定義	A name, acronym, coden, or initialism identifying a collection.
註釋
範例	`Mammals` `Hildebrandt` `EBIRD` `VP`

ownerInstitutionCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ownerInstitutionCode
定義	A name (or acronym) in use by an institution having ownership of a resource.
註釋
範例	`NPS` `APN` `InBio`

datasetName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/datasetName
定義	A name of a source dataset.
註釋
範例	`Grinnell Resurvey Mammals` `Lacey Ctenomys Recaptures`

basisOfRecord
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/basisOfRecord
定義	資料紀錄的特定性質、類型。
註釋	建議使用 Darwin Core 的控制詞彙。
範例	`MaterialEntity` `PreservedSpecimen` `FossilSpecimen` `LivingSpecimen` `MaterialSample` `Event` `HumanObservation` `MachineObservation` `Taxon` `Occurrence` `MaterialCitation`

informationWithheld
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/informationWithheld
定義	Additional information that exists about a resource, but that is not shared publicly. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`location information not given for endangered species` `collector identities withheld \| ask about tissue samples`

dataGeneralizations
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dataGeneralizations
定義	Actions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Coordinates generalized from original GPS coordinates to the nearest half degree grid cell`.

dynamicProperties
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dynamicProperties
定義	A list of additional measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions about the record. Meant to provide a mechanism for structured content.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a key:value encoding schema for a data interchange format such as JSON.
範例	`{"heightInMeters":1.5}` `{"targusLengthInMeters":0.014, "weightInGrams":120}` `{"natureOfID":"expert identification", "identificationEvidence":"cytochrome B sequence"}` `{"relativeHumidity":28, "airTemperatureInCelsius":22, "sampleSizeInKilograms":10}` `{"aspectHeading":277, "slopeInDegrees":6}` `{"iucnStatus":"vulnerable", "taxonDistribution":"Neuquén, Argentina"}`

Agent

agentID agentType agentRoleOrder agentRemarks

Agent 類別
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/Agent
定義	A resource that acts or has the power to act.
註釋	A person, group, organization, machine, software or other entity that can act. Membership in the dcterms:Agent class is determined by the capacity to act, even if not doing so in a specific context. To act: To participate in an event or process by contributing through behavior, operation, or an effect resulting from active participation — regardless of whether that contribution is intentional, volitional, or conscious.
範例	`a person` `a team of participants on an expedition` `a funding agency` `a particular bioacoustic monitoring installation` `a software instance` `a particular camera trap`

agentID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/agentID
定義	An identifier for a dcterms:Agent.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例

agentType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/agentType
定義	A category that best matches the nature of a dcterms:Agent.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
範例	`person` `group` `organization` `camera`

agentRoleOrder
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/agentRoleOrder
定義	A numerical position of an AgentRole in a set of AgentRoles.
註釋	One could use dwc:agentRoleOrder to create an ordered list of collectors (agentRole = 'collector') for a dwc:MaterialEntity in a Darwin Core Data Package, for example. The first would have dwc:agentRoleOrder=1, the second would have dwc:agentRoleOrder=2.
範例	`1` `2`

agentRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/agentRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about a dcterms:Agent.
註釋
範例

Assertion

assertionID assertionType verbatimAssertionType assertionValue assertionUnit assertionError assertionBy assertionMadeDate assertionEffectiveDate assertionProtocols assertionReferences assertionRemarks

Assertion 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Assertion
定義	A statement about an rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource).
註釋	Resources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to instances of dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialEntity, dwc:Event, dcterms:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
範例	`the weight of a dwc:Organism in grams` `the number of placental scars` `surface water temperature in Celsius`

assertionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionID
定義	An identifier for a dwc:Assertion.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例

assertionType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionType
定義	A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Assertion.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`tailLength` `waterTemperature` `trapLineLength` `surveyArea` `trapType`

verbatimAssertionType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimAssertionType
定義	A string representing the type of dwc:Assertion as it appeared in an original record.
註釋	This term is meant to allow the capture of an unaltered original name for a dwc:assertionType. This term is meant to be used in addition to dwc:assertionType, not instead of it.
範例

assertionValue
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionValue
定義	An asserted value.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`45` `20` `1` `14.5` `UV-light` `Hamon grab`

assertionUnit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionUnit
定義	A unit associated with the value in dwc:assertionValue.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org for SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI. For units that are composed of multiple parts, use the patterns as given in "A Primer for Communicating Mathematics via Plain Text" (https://cse.sc.edu/~fenner/latex-ASCII.pdf) by Stephen Fenner (e.g., `g/cm^3` for grams per cubic centimeter). For other units, provide the value as a recognizable standard (e.g., '%') or written out in full and in the plural (e.g., `individuals`). It is fine to provide non-SI units in the original language of the dataset. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`m` `s` `g` `ml` `%` `individuals`

assertionError
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionError
定義	A description of the potential error associated with a dwc:assertionValue.
註釋
範例	`0.01` `normal distribution with variation of 2 m`

assertionBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionBy
定義	A name for a dcterms:Agent responsible for making a dwc:Assertion.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Rob Guralnick` `Peter Desmet \| Stijn Van Hoey` `ChatGPT` `Notes From Nature` `ROV SuBastian`

assertionMadeDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionMadeDate
定義	A date on which a dwc:Assertion was created.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

assertionEffectiveDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionEffectiveDate
定義	A date on which a state or measurement of a dwc:Assertion was deemed to first be in effect.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

assertionProtocols
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionProtocols
定義	Names of, references to, or descriptions of dwc:Protocols used in making a dwc:Assertion.
註釋
範例

assertionReferences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionReferences
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of dcterms:BibliographicResources associated with a dwc:Assertion.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例

assertionRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assertionRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about a dwc:Assertion.
註釋
範例	`tip of tail missing` `error determined by independently calibrated measurements` `error provided is from the manufacturer’s standard instrument specification`

BibliographicResource

referenceID referenceType referenceRemarks

BibliographicResource 類別
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/BibliographicResource
定義	A book, article, or other documentary resource.
註釋
範例

referenceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/referenceID
定義	An identifier for a dcterms:BibliographicResource.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例

referenceType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/referenceType
定義	A category that best matches the nature of a dcterms:BibliographicResource.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
範例	`book`, `bookSection`, `journalArticle`, `thesis` `proceedingsPaper` `report` `poster` `fieldNotebook` `log` `oralCommunication`

referenceRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/referenceRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about a dcterms:BibliographicResource.
註釋
範例

Event

Event 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event
定義	An action, process, or set of circumstances occurring at a dcterms:Location during a period of time.
註釋
範例	`a material collecting event` `a bird observation` `a camera trap image capture` `an organism occurrence` `a biotic survey`

eventID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID
定義	調查活動識別碼，可設定有意義的組合格式，或使用全球唯一辨識碼(GUID)或通用唯一辨識碼(UUID)，序號不可有重複。
註釋
範例	`INBO:VIS:Ev:00009375`

parentEventID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentEventID
定義	An identifier for a broader dwc:Event that contains this and potentially other dwc:Events.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例	`A1` (parentEventID to identify the main Whittaker Plot in nested samples, each with its own eventID - `A1:1`, `A1:2`).

eventCategory
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventCategory
定義	A broad category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Event.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a limited, tightly controlled vocabulary. Recommended best practice is to use one of the following controlled values: `Event`, `MaterialGathering`, `Occurrence`, `OrganismInteraction`, or `Survey`. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Event` `MaterialGathering` `Occurrence` `OrganismInteraction` `Survey`

eventType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventType
定義	A narrow category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Event.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`bioBlitz` `cameraTrapDeployment` `expedition` `project` `siteVisit` `trawl`

fieldNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNumber
定義	An identifier given to a dwc:Event in the field.
註釋	Often serves as a link between field notes and a dwc:Event. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`RV Sol 87-03-08`

eventDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate
定義	A date-time or time interval during which a dwc:Event occurred.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019. Not suitable for a time in a geological context.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

eventTime
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventTime
定義	該筆資料被記錄的時間。
註釋	建議格式參考 ISO 8601-1:2019。
範例	`14:07-06:00` (at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `08:40:21Z` (at or after 8:40:21am and before 8:41:22am UTC) `13:00:00Z/15:30:00Z` (at or after 1pm and before 3:30pm UTC)

startDayOfYear
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/startDayOfYear
定義	The earliest integer day of the year on which a dwc:Event occurred.
註釋	The value is 1 for January 1 and 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366.
範例	`1` (1 January) `32` (1 February) `366` (31 December) `365` (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year)

endDayOfYear
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/endDayOfYear
定義	The latest integer day of the year on which a dwc:Event occurred.
註釋	The value is 1 for January 1 and 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366.
範例	`1` (1 January) `32` (1 February) `366` (31 December) `365` (30 December in a leap year, 31 December in a non-leap year)

year
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/year
定義	事件發生的四位數西元年。
註釋
範例	`1160` `2008`

month
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/month
定義	The integer month in which the dwc:Event occurred.
註釋
範例	`1` (January) `10` (October)

day
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/day
定義	The integer day of the month on which the dwc:Event occurred.
註釋
範例	`9` `28`

verbatimEventDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimEventDate
定義	The verbatim original representation of the date and time information for a dwc:Event.
註釋
範例	`spring 1910` `Marzo 2002` `1999-03-XX` `17IV1934`

verbatimLocality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLocality
定義	An original textual description of a dcterms:Location.
註釋
範例	`25 km NNE Bariloche por R. Nac. 237`

verbatimElevation
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimElevation
定義	An original description of the elevation of a dcterms:Location.
註釋
範例	`100-200 m`

verbatimDepth
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimDepth
定義	The original description of the depth below the local surface.
註釋
範例	`100-200 m`

verbatimCoordinates
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinates
定義	Verbatim original spatial coordinates of a dcterms:Location.
註釋	The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in dwc:verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in dwc:verbatimCoordinateSystem.
範例	`41 05 54S 121 05 34W` `17T 630000 4833400`

verbatimLatitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLatitude
定義	A verbatim original latitude of a dcterms:Location.
註釋	The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in dwc:verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in dwc:verbatimCoordinateSystem.
範例	`41 05 54.03S`

verbatimLongitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLongitude
定義	A verbatim original longitude of a dcterms:Location.
註釋	The coordinate ellipsoid, geodeticDatum, or full Spatial Reference System (SRS) for these coordinates should be stored in dwc:verbatimSRS and the coordinate system should be stored in dwc:verbatimCoordinateSystem.
範例	`121d 10' 34" W`

verbatimCoordinateSystem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimCoordinateSystem
定義	A coordinate format for dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude or dwc:verbatimCoordinates.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`decimal degrees` `degrees decimal minutes` `degrees minutes seconds` `UTM`

verbatimSRS
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimSRS
定義	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude, or dwc:verbatimCoordinates are based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value `not recorded`. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`EPSG:4326` `WGS84` `NAD27` `Campo Inchauspe` `European 1950` `Clarke 1866` `not recorded`

georeferenceVerificationStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceVerificationStatus
定義	A categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the dcterms:Location of the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`unable to georeference` `requires georeference` `requires verification` `verified by data custodian` `verified by contributor`

habitat
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/habitat
定義	A category or description of the habitat in which the dwc:Event occurred.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`oak savanna` `pre-cordilleran steppe`

sampledSubstrateCategory
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampledSubstrateCategory
定義	A category or type of substrate sampled during a dwc:Event.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`vegetation` `soil` `ocean`

sampledSubstrateLayer
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sampledSubstrateLayer
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of substrate layers sampled during a dwc:Event.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`forest floor` `herbaceous \| shrub` `understory` `canopy` `organic (O)` `surface (A)` `eluviated (E)` `subsoil (B)` `parent material (C)` `bedrock (R)` `epipelagic \| mesopelagic` `bathypelagic` `abysopelagic` `hadalpelagic`

fieldNotes
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fieldNotes
定義	One of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the dwc:Event.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Notes available in the Grinnell-Miller Library.`

eventRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks
定義	可註記天氣或調查狀況等任何文字資訊。
註釋
範例	`After the recent rains the river is nearly at flood stage.`

Location

locationID siteNumber higherGeographyID higherGeography continent waterBody islandGroup island country countryCode stateProvince county municipality locality minimumElevationInMeters maximumElevationInMeters verticalDatum minimumDepthInMeters maximumDepthInMeters minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters locationAccordingTo locationRemarks preferredSpatialRepresentation decimalLatitude decimalLongitude geodeticDatum coordinateUncertaintyInMeters coordinatePrecision pointRadiusSpatialFit footprintWKT footprintSRS footprintSpatialFit georeferencedBy georeferencedDate georeferenceProtocol georeferenceSources georeferenceRemarks

Location 類別
識別碼	http://purl.org/dc/terms/Location
定義	A spatial region or named place.
註釋
範例	`the municipality of San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina` `the place defined by a georeference`

locationID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationID
定義	An identifier for a dcterms:Location.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例	`https://opencontext.org/subjects/768A875F-E205-4D0B-DE55-BAB7598D0FD1`

siteNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/siteNumber
定義	An identifier for a named site.
註釋	Usually an institutional identifier for a specific named place as opposed to dwc:locationID, which is an identifier for the entire set of distinct information for an instance of dcterms:Location. This term differs from dwc:fieldNumber in that dwc:siteNumber is not related strictly to one dwc:Event. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`USGS CENO LOC 21387` `UCM 2025001`

higherGeographyID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeographyID
定義	An identifier for the geographic region within which the dcterms:Location occurred.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a persistent identifier from a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1002002` (Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Territorio Nacional de la Tierra del Fuego, Argentina).

higherGeography
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeography
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of geographic names less specific than the information captured in the dwc:locality term.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ), with terms in order from least specific to most specific.
範例	`North Atlantic Ocean` `South America \| Argentina \| Patagonia \| Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi \| Neuquén \| Los Lagos` with accompanying values `South America` (continent) `Argentina` (country), `Neuquén` (first order division), and `Los Lagos` (second order division)

continent
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/continent
定義	大洲名稱。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Africa` `Antarctica` `Asia` `Europe` `North America` `Oceania` `South America`

waterBody
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/waterBody
定義	The name of the water body in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`Indian Ocean` `Baltic Sea` `Hudson River` `Lago Nahuel Huapi`

islandGroup
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/islandGroup
定義	The name of the island group in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`Alexander Archipelago` `Archipiélago Diego Ramírez` `Seychelles`

island
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/island
定義	The name of the island on or near which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names.
範例	`Nosy Be` `Bikini Atoll` `Vancouver` `Viti Levu` `Zanzibar`

country
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/country
定義	The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Denmark` `Colombia` `España`

countryCode
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/countryCode
定義	The standard code for the country in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use an ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country code, or 'ZZ' (for an unknown location or a location unassignable to a single country code), or 'XZ' (for the high seas beyond national jurisdictions). Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`AR` `SV` `XZ` `ZZ`

stateProvince
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/stateProvince
定義	The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Montana` `Minas Gerais` `Córdoba`

county
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/county
定義	The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Missoula` `Los Lagos` `Mataró`

municipality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/municipality
定義	The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than county (city, municipality, etc.) in which the dcterms:Location occurs. Do not use this term for a nearby named place that does not contain the actual dcterms:Location.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names. Recommended best practice is to leave this field blank if the dcterms:Location spans multiple entities at this administrative level or if the dcterms:Location might be in one or another of multiple possible entities at this level. Multiplicity and uncertainty of the geographic entity can be captured either in the term dwc:higherGeography or in the term dwc:locality, or both.
範例	`Holzminden` `Araçatuba` `Ga-Segonyana`

locality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality
定義	該筆紀錄的最小地點描述。
註釋	Less specific geographic information can be provided in other geographic terms (dwc:higherGeography, dwc:continent, dwc:country, dwc:stateProvince, dwc:county, dwc:municipality, dwc:waterBody, dwc:island, dwc:islandGroup). This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description.
範例	`Bariloche, 25 km NNE via Ruta Nacional 40 (=Ruta 237)` `Queets Rainforest, Olympic National Park`

minimumElevationInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumElevationInMeters
定義	The least elevation within a range of elevations, measured relative to the vertical reference surface indicated by the value of dwc:verticalDatum.
註釋	See https://docs.gbif.org/georeferencing-best-practices/1.0/en/#img-depth-elevation-distance-above-surface.
範例	`-100` `802`

maximumElevationInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumElevationInMeters
定義	The greatest elevation within a range of elevations, measured relative to the vertical reference surface indicated by the value of dwc:verticalDatum.
註釋	See https://docs.gbif.org/georeferencing-best-practices/1.0/en/#img-depth-elevation-distance-above-surface.
範例	`-205` `1236`

verticalDatum
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verticalDatum
定義	The vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`EGM84` `EGM96` `EGM2008` `PGM2000A` `PGM2004` `PGM2006` `PGM2007` `EPSG:7030` `not recorded`

minimumDepthInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDepthInMeters
定義	The least depth within a range of depths, measured relative to the vertical reference surface indicated by the value of dwc:verticalDatum.
註釋	See https://docs.gbif.org/georeferencing-best-practices/1.0/en/#img-depth-elevation-distance-above-surface.
範例	`0` `100`

maximumDepthInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDepthInMeters
定義	The greatest depth within a range of depths, measured relative to the vertical reference surface indicated by the value of dwc:verticalDatum.
註釋	See https://docs.gbif.org/georeferencing-best-practices/1.0/en/#img-depth-elevation-distance-above-surface.
範例	`0` `200`

minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
定義	The lesser distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
註釋
範例	`-1.5` (below the surface) `4.2` (above the surface) For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: `300m` minimumElevationInMeters: `300`, maximumElevationInMeters: `300`, verbatimDepth: `20m`, minimumDepthInMeters: `20`, maximumDepthInMeters: `20`, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `0`, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `-1.5`.

maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters
定義	The greater distance in a range of distance from a reference surface in the vertical direction, in meters. Use positive values for locations above the surface, negative values for locations below. If depth measures are given, the reference surface is the location given by the depth, otherwise the reference surface is the location given by the elevation.
註釋
範例	`-1.5` (below the surface) `4.2` (above the surface) For a 1.5 meter sediment core from the bottom of a lake (at depth 20m) at 300m elevation: verbatimElevation: `300m` minimumElevationInMeters: `300`, maximumElevationInMeters: `300`, verbatimDepth: `20m`, minimumDepthInMeters: `20`, maximumDepthInMeters: `20`, minimumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `0`, maximumDistanceAboveSurfaceInMeters: `-1.5`.

locationAccordingTo
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationAccordingTo
定義	Information about the source of this dcterms:Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names` `GADM`

locationRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the dcterms:Location.
註釋
範例	`under water since 2005`

preferredSpatialRepresentation
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/preferredSpatialRepresentation
定義	An indication of which spatial representation best represents the dcterms:Location.
註釋
範例	`point-radius` `footprint`

decimalLatitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude
定義	A geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of a dcterms:Location.
註釋	Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Valid values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive.
範例	`-41.0983423`

decimalLongitude
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude
定義	A geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of a dcterms:Location.
註釋	Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Valid values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.
範例	`-121.1761111`

geodeticDatum
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geodeticDatum
定義	座標的大地基準。建議使用控制詞彙；若全未知，則填入「未知 (unknown)」。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value `not recorded`. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for a string literal value.
範例	`EPSG:4326` `WGS84` `NAD27` `Campo Inchauspe` `European 1950` `Clarke 1866` `not recorded`

coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters
定義	A horizontal distance (in meters) from a given dwc:decimalLatitude and dwc:decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the dcterms:Location. Zero is not a valid value for this term.
註釋	Leave the value empty if the uncertainty is unknown, cannot be estimated, or is not applicable (because there are no coordinates). Zero is not a valid value for this term.
範例	`30` (reasonable lower limit on or after 2000-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time) `100` (reasonable lower limit before 2000-05-01 of a GPS reading under good conditions if the actual precision was not recorded at the time) `71` (uncertainty for a UTM coordinate having 100 meter precision and a known spatial reference system)

coordinatePrecision
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinatePrecision
定義	依據十進位緯度（decimalLatitude）和十進位經度（decimalLongitude）中給出的座標精確度的十進位表示。
註釋
範例	`0.00001` (normal GPS limit for decimal degrees) `0.000278` (nearest second) `0.01667` (nearest minute) `1.0` (nearest degree)

pointRadiusSpatialFit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pointRadiusSpatialFit
定義	A ratio of the area of a point-radius (dwc:decimalLatitude, dwc:decimalLongitude, dwc:coordinateUncertaintyInMeters) to the area of a true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of a dcterms:Location.
註釋	Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given point-radius does not completely contain the original representation. The pointRadiusSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is any geometry without area (e.g., a point or polyline) and without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same geometry (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, the pointRadiusSpatialFit is 1. Detailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
範例	`0` `1` `1.5708`

footprintWKT
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintWKT
定義	A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines a dcterms:Location.
註釋	A dcterms:Location may have both a point-radius representation (see dwc:decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
範例	`POLYGON ((10 20, 11 20, 11 21, 10 21, 10 20))` (the one-degree bounding box with opposite corners at longitude=10, latitude=20 and longitude=11, latitude=21)

footprintSRS
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSRS
定義	The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in dwc:footprintWKT is based.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use the value `not recorded`. It is also permitted to provide the SRS in Well-Known-Text, especially if no EPSG code provides the necessary values for the attributes of the SRS. Do not use this term to describe the SRS of the dwc:decimalLatitude and dwc:decimalLongitude, nor of any verbatim coordinates - use the dwc:geodeticDatum and dwc:verbatimSRS instead. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`EPSG:4326` `GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984", DATUM["D_WGS_1984", SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137,298.257223563]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]]` (WKT for the standard WGS84 Spatial Reference System EPSG:4326) `not recorded`

footprintSpatialFit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/footprintSpatialFit
定義	A ratio of the area of a footprint (dwc:footprintWKT) to the area of a true (original, or most specific) spatial representation of a dcterms:Location.
註釋	Legal values are 0, greater than or equal to 1, or undefined. A value of 1 is an exact match or 100% overlap. A value of 0 should be used if the given footprint does not completely contain the original representation. A dwc:footprintSpatialFit is undefined (and should be left empty) if the original representation is any geometry without area (e.g., a point or polyline) and without uncertainty and the given georeference is not that same geometry (without uncertainty). If both the original and the given georeference are the same point, a dwc:footprintSpatialFit is 1. Detailed explanations with graphical examples can be found in the Georeferencing Best Practices, Chapman and Wieczorek, 2020 (https://doi.org/10.15468/doc-gg7h-s853).
範例	`0` `1` `1.5708`

georeferencedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedBy
定義	A name for a dcterms:Agent responsible for providing a georeference.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Brad Millen (ROM)` `Kristina Yamamoto \| Janet Fang`

georeferencedDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferencedDate
定義	The date on which the dcterms:Location was georeferenced.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

georeferenceProtocol
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceProtocol
定義	A description or reference to a dwc:Protocol used to determine a spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Georeferencing Quick Reference Guide (Zermoglio et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.35035/e09p-h128)`

georeferenceSources
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceSources
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers, or other resources used to georeference a dcterms:Location, described specifically enough to allow anyone in the future to use the same resources.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`GeoLocate`, `GeoPick` `https://www.geonames.org/` `USGS 1:24000 Florence Montana Quad 1967 \| Terrametrics 2008 on Google Earth`

georeferenceRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/georeferenceRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the spatial description determination, explaining assumptions made in addition or opposition to the those formalized in the method referred to in dwc:georeferenceProtocol.
註釋
範例	`Assumed distance by road (Hwy. 101)`

GeologicalContext

geologicalContextID earliestEonOrLowestEonothem latestEonOrHighestEonothem earliestEraOrLowestErathem latestEraOrHighestErathem earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem latestPeriodOrHighestSystem earliestEpochOrLowestSeries latestEpochOrHighestSeries earliestAgeOrLowestStage latestAgeOrHighestStage lowestBiostratigraphicZone highestBiostratigraphicZone lithostratigraphicTerms group formation member bed

GeologicalContext 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/GeologicalContext
定義	A set of geological designations, such as stratigraphy, that qualifies a dcterms:Location or source of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋
範例	`a particular lithostratigraphic layer` `a specific chronostratigraphic unit`

geologicalContextID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/geologicalContextID
定義	An identifier for the set of information associated with a dwc:GeologicalContext (the location within a geological context, such as stratigraphy). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
註釋
範例	`https://opencontext.org/subjects/e54377f7-4452-4315-b676-40679b10c4d9`

earliestEonOrLowestEonothem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEonOrLowestEonothem
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic eon or lowest chronostratigraphic eonothem or the informal name attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Phanerozoic` `Proterozoic` `Precambrian`

latestEonOrHighestEonothem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEonOrHighestEonothem
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic eon or highest chronostratigraphic eonothem or the informal name attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Phanerozoic` `Proterozoic` `Precambrian`

earliestEraOrLowestErathem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEraOrLowestErathem
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic era or lowest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Cenozoic` `Mesozoic`

latestEraOrHighestErathem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEraOrHighestErathem
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic era or highest chronostratigraphic erathem attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Cenozoic` `Mesozoic`

earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestPeriodOrLowestSystem
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic period or lowest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Neogene` `Tertiary` `Quaternary`

latestPeriodOrHighestSystem
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestPeriodOrHighestSystem
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic period or highest chronostratigraphic system attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Neogene` `Tertiary` `Quaternary`

earliestEpochOrLowestSeries
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestEpochOrLowestSeries
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic epoch or lowest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Holocene` `Pleistocene` `Ibexian Series`

latestEpochOrHighestSeries
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestEpochOrHighestSeries
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic epoch or highest chronostratigraphic series attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Holocene` `Pleistocene` `Ibexian Series`

earliestAgeOrLowestStage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/earliestAgeOrLowestStage
定義	The full name of the earliest possible geochronologic age or lowest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Atlantic` `Boreal` `Skullrockian`

latestAgeOrHighestStage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/latestAgeOrHighestStage
定義	The full name of the latest possible geochronologic age or highest chronostratigraphic stage attributable to the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Atlantic` `Boreal` `Skullrockian`

lowestBiostratigraphicZone
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lowestBiostratigraphicZone
定義	The full name of the lowest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Maastrichtian`

highestBiostratigraphicZone
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/highestBiostratigraphicZone
定義	The full name of the highest possible geological biostratigraphic zone of the stratigraphic horizon from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Blancan`

lithostratigraphicTerms
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lithostratigraphicTerms
定義	The combination of all lithostratigraphic names for the rock from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Pleistocene-Weichselien`

group
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/group
定義	The full name of the lithostratigraphic group from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Bathurst` `Lower Wealden`

formation
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/formation
定義	The full name of the lithostratigraphic formation from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Notch Peak Formation` `House Limestone` `Fillmore Formation`

member
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/member
定義	The full name of the lithostratigraphic member from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
註釋
範例	`Lava Dam Member` `Hellnmaria Member`

bed
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/bed
定義	採集地所在岩床的全名。
註釋
範例	`Harlem coal`

Identification

identificationID identificationType verbatimIdentification isAcceptedIdentification taxonFormula identificationQualifier typeStatus identifiedBy identifiedByID dateIdentified identificationReferences identificationVerificationStatus identificationRemarks

Identification 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Identification
定義	A classification of a resource according to a classification scheme.
註釋	For biology, the assignment of a scientific name or taxon concept to a dwc:Organism.
範例	`a subspecies determination of an organism` `a nomenclatural act designating a specimen as a holotype`

identificationID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationID
定義	An identifier for a dwc:Identification.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例	`9992`

identificationType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationType
定義	A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Identification.
註釋	The evidentiary basis, analytical approach, or inferential method by which an identification was determined. Values describe the dominant source of information supporting the identification (e.g., morphology, geography, molecular data, functional attributes, relationships, or taxonomic revision), independent of confidence level or taxonomic outcome. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`geography` `taxonomicRevision` `functionalAttributes` `nucleotideAnalysis` `karyotype` `media` `relationship` `features` `fineFeatures` `unknown`

verbatimIdentification
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimIdentification
定義	A string representing the taxonomic identification as it appeared in the original record.
註釋	This term is meant to allow the capture of an unaltered original identification/determination, including identification qualifiers, hybrid formulas, uncertainties, etc. This term is meant to be used in addition to dwc:scientificName (and dwc:identificationQualifier etc.), not instead of it.
範例	`Peromyscus sp.` `Ministrymon sp. nov. 1` `Anser anser × Branta canadensis` `Pachyporidae?` `Potentilla × pantotricha Soják` `Aconitum pilipes × A. variegatum` `Lepomis auritus x cyanellus`

isAcceptedIdentification
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/isAcceptedIdentification
定義	An indicator that a dwc:Identification of a dwc:Organism is a currently an accepted or preferred one.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to follow the TDWG Boolean Controlled Vocabulary http://rs.tdwg.org/tag/doc/boolean/.
範例	`true` `false`

taxonFormula
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonFormula
定義	A string representing the pattern to use to construct a dwc:Identification from dwc:Taxon names and identification qualifiers.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
範例	`A` `not A` `A ?` `A or B` `A and B` `A x B` `A cf.` `A aff.`

identificationQualifier
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationQualifier
定義	A brief phrase or a standard term ("cf.", "aff.") to express the determiner's doubts about the dwc:Identification.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia` (for `Quercus aff. agrifolia var. oxyadenia` with accompanying values `Quercus` in genus, `agrifolia` in specificEpithet, `oxyadenia` in infraspecificEpithet, and `var.` in taxonRank) `cf. var. oxyadenia` (for `Quercus agrifolia cf. var. oxyadenia` with accompanying values `Quercus` in genus, `agrifolia` in specificEpithet, `oxyadenia` in infraspecificEpithet, and `var.` in taxonRank)

typeStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typeStatus
定義	學名標本模式，最好能使用控制詞彙。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`holotype of Ctenomys sociabilis. Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388` `holotype of Pinus abies \| holotype of Picea abies`

identifiedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedBy
定義	A name for a dcterms:Agent responsible for making a dwc:Identification.
註釋	When used in the context of an eco:Survey, the subject consists of all of the dwc:Identifications related to the eco:Survey. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`James L. Patton` `Theodore Pappenfuss \| Robert Macey` `MegaDetector V5`

identifiedByID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identifiedByID
定義	An identifier for a dcterms:Agent responsible for making a dwc:Identification.
註釋	When used in the context of an eco:Survey, the subject consists of all of the dwc:Identifications related to the eco:Survey. Recommended best practice is to provide a single identifier that disambiguates the details of the identifying dcterms:Agent. If a list is used, the order of the identifiers on the list should not be assumed to convey any semantics. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097` (for an individual) `https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 \| https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098` (for a list of people)

dateIdentified
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/dateIdentified
定義	The date on which the subject was determined as representing the dwc:Taxon.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

identificationReferences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationReferences
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of dcterms:BibliographicResources used in a dwc:Identification.
註釋	When used in the context of an eco:Survey, the subject consists of all of the dwc:Identifications related to the eco:Survey. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`Aves del Noroeste Patagonico. Christie et al. 2004.` `Stebbins, R. Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. 3rd Edition. 2003. \| Irschick, D.J. and Shaffer, H.B. (1997). The polytypic species revisited: Morphological differentiation among tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) (Amphibia: Caudata). Herpetologica, 53(1), 30-49.`

identificationVerificationStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationVerificationStatus
定義	A categorical indicator of the extent to which a taxonomic determination has been verified to be correct.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`0` (unverified in HISPID/ABCD)

identificationRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the dwc:Identification.
註釋
範例	`Distinguished between Anthus correndera and Anthus hellmayri based on the comparative lengths of the uñas.`

MaterialEntity

materialEntityID digitalSpecimenID materialEntityCategory materialEntityType discipline typeOfType typifiedName catalogNumber otherCatalogNumbers recordNumber objectQuantity objectQuantityType preparations disposition verbatimLabel associatedSequences materialEntityRemarks

MaterialEntity 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialEntity
定義	An entity that can be identified, exists for some period of time, and consists in whole or in part of physical matter while it exists.
註釋	The term is defined at the most general level to admit descriptions of any subtype of material entity within the scope of Darwin Core. In particular, any kind of material sample, preserved specimen, fossil, or exemplar from living collections is intended to be subsumed under this term. In Darwin Core, dwc:Organism, dwc:Occurrence, and dwc:MaterialEntity are related, but distinct concepts. A dwc:Organism is a biological individual or group with an identity and life history that persists independently of the particular dwc:MaterialEntities through which it is manifested. A dwc:Occurrence is a dwc:Event that represents the presence or state of a dwc:Organism at a place during an interval of time, with no explicit dependency on any dwc:MaterialEntity. A dwc:MaterialEntity represents physical matter, including whole bodies, parts, or derivatives of dwc:Organisms, that may directly or indirectly serve as evidence of a dwc:Occurrence.
範例	`the entire contents of a trawl` `a subset of the contents of a trawl` `the body of a fish` `the stomach contents of a fish` `a rock containing fossils` `a fossil within a rock` `an herbarium sheet with its attached plant specimen` `a flower on a plant specimen` `a pollen grain` `a specific water sample` `an isolated molecule of DNA`

materialEntityID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialEntityID
定義	An identifier for a particular instance of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	Values of dwc:materialEntityID are intended to uniquely and persistently identify a particular dwc:MaterialEntity within some context. Examples of context include a particular sample collection, an organization, or the worldwide scale. Recommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier. The identifier is bound to a physical object (the dwc:MaterialEntity) as opposed to a particular digital record (representation) of that physical object.
範例	`06809dc5-f143-459a-be1a-6f03e63fc083`

digitalSpecimenID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/digitalSpecimenID
定義	An identifier for a Digital Specimen resource.
註釋	A Digital Specimen is defined in https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.7.e67379. A dwc:digitalSpecimenID is intended to uniquely and persistently identify a Digital Specimen. Recommended best practice is to use a DOI with machine readable metadata in the DOI record that uses a community agreed metadata profile (also known as FDO profile) for a Digital Specimen. For an example see: https://doi.org/10.3535/N75-CR4-0SM?noredirect. The identifier is for a digital information artifact (the Digital Specimen) as opposed to an identifier for a specific instance of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
範例	`https://doi.org/10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD` `https://doi.org/10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD?urlappend=/1` `https://doi.org/10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD?locatt=/1` `doi:10.3535/M42-Z4P-DRD`

materialEntityCategory
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialEntityCategory
定義	A high-level, mutually exclusive classification describing the fundamental substance and origin of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a limited, tightly controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`liveOrganism`, `deadOrganism`, `partOfOrganism`, `nonMolecularBiologicalExtract`, `molecularBiologicalExtract`, `mineral`, `rock`, `fossil`, `chemical`, `humanArtifactWithBiologicalConstituent`, `humanArtifactWithoutBiologicalConstituent`, and `mixed`

materialEntityType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialEntityType
定義	A more generic classification of a dwc:MaterialEntity than dwc:preparations but less broad than dwc:materialCategory.
註釋	A more generic classification of a dwc:MaterialEntity than dwc:preparations. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例

discipline
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/discipline
定義	The primary branch or branches of knowledge represented by a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	This term can be used to classify records according to branches of knowledge. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). It is also recommended to use this field to describe specimenType in MIDS. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Botany` `Botany \| Virology \| Taxonomy`

typeOfType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typeOfType
定義	A category of nomenclatural type of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	The term dwc:typeOfType must be used in combination with dwc:typifiedName. Together they make up the type status of a specimen. Note that relatively very few specimens are nomenclatural types (types of names), so in most cases this term will have no value. Unlike dwc:typeStatus, dwc:typeOfType can only have a single value. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the GBIF Nomenclatural Type Status Vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the tcs: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`holotype` `isotype`

typifiedName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/typifiedName
定義	A scientific name for which a specimen or other name is the type.
註釋	The term dwc:typifiedName must be used in combination with dwc:typeOfType. Together they make up the type status of a specimen. Note that relatively very few specimens are nomenclatural types (types of names), so in most cases this term will have no value. Unlike dwc:typeStatus, dwc:typifiedName can only have a single value, so a dwc:MaterialEntity can only have a single dwc:typifiedName.
範例	`Polysiphonia amphibolis Womersley`

catalogNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber
定義	An identifier (preferably unique) for a resource within a collection.
註釋
範例	`145732` `145732a` `2008.1334` `R-4313`

otherCatalogNumbers
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/otherCatalogNumbers
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of previous or alternate fully qualified catalog numbers or other human-used identifiers for the same dwc:MaterialEntity, whether in the current or any other data set or collection.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`FMNH:Mammal:1234` `NPS YELLO6778 \| MBG 33424`

recordNumber
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordNumber
定義	An identifier given to the dwc:Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and a dwc:Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`OPP 7101`

objectQuantity
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/objectQuantity
定義	A number or enumeration value for the quantity of differentiable dwc:MaterialEntities comprising this dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	An dwc:objectQuantity must have a corresponding dwc:objectQuantityType.
範例	`27` (objectQuantity) with `individuals` (objectQuantityType) `many` (objectQuantity) with `individuals` (objectQuantityType) `3` (objectQuantity) with `legs` (objectQuantityType)

objectQuantityType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/objectQuantityType
定義	The type of quantification system used for the quantity of dwc:MaterialEntities.
註釋	An dwc:objectQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:objectQuantity. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`27` (objectQuantity) with `individuals` (objectQuantityType) `many` (objectQuantity) with `individuals` (objectQuantityType) `3` (objectQuantity) with `legs` (objectQuantityType)

preparations
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/preparations
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of preparations and preservation methods for a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`fossil` `cast` `photograph` `DNA extract` `skin \| skull \| skeleton` `whole animal (EtOH) \| tissue (EDTA)`

disposition
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/disposition
定義	A current state of a dwc:MaterialEntity with respect to where it can be found.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`in collection` `missing` `on loan` `used up` `destroyed` `deaccessioned`

verbatimLabel
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLabel
定義	A verbatim original representation of the written information affixed or related to a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	The content of this term should include no embellishments, prefixes, headers or other additions made to the text. Abbreviations must not be expanded and supposed misspellings must not be corrected. Lines or breakpoints between blocks of text that could be verified by seeing the original labels or images of them may be used. Examples of material entities include preserved specimens, fossil specimens, and material samples. Best practice is to use UTF-8 for all characters. Best practice is to add comment “verbatimLabel derived from human transcription” in dwc:materialEntityRemarks. Examples can be found at https://dwc.tdwg.org/examples/verbatimLabel.
範例

associatedSequences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedSequences
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of dcterms:BibliographicResources for dwc:NucleotideSequences associated with a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋
範例	`http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/U34853.1` `http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/GU328060 \| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AF326093`

materialEntityRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialEntityRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋
範例	`found in association with charred remains` `some original fragments missing`

MaterialSample

materialSampleID

MaterialSample 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialSample
定義	A material entity that represents an entity of interest in whole or in part.
註釋
範例	`a whole organism preserved in a collection` `a part of an organism isolated for some purpose` `a soil sample` `a marine microbial sample`

materialSampleID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/materialSampleID
定義	An identifier for the dwc:MaterialSample (as opposed to a particular digital record of the dwc:MaterialSample). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the dwc:materialSampleID globally unique.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a persistent, globally unique identifier.
範例	`06809dc5-f143-459a-be1a-6f03e63fc083`

Occurrence

occurrenceID recordedBy recordedByID individualCount organismQuantity organismQuantityType sex lifeStage reproductiveCondition caste behavior vitality establishmentMeans degreeOfEstablishment pathway occurrenceStatus associatedOccurrences associatedTaxa occurrenceRemarks

Occurrence 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence
定義	A dwc:Event that establishes the state of a dwc:Organism at a particular place and time.
註釋	In Darwin Core, dwc:Organism, dwc:Occurrence, and dwc:MaterialEntity are related, but distinct concepts. A dwc:Organism is a biological individual or group with an identity and life history that persists independently of the particular dwc:MaterialEntities through which it is manifested. A dwc:Occurrence is a dwc:Event that represents the presence or state of a dwc:Organism at a place during an interval of time, with no explicit dependency on any dwc:MaterialEntity. A dwc:MaterialEntity represents physical matter, including whole bodies, parts, or derivatives of dwc:Organisms, that may directly or indirectly serve as evidence of a dwc:Occurrence.
範例	`a wolf pack on the shore of Kluane Lake in 1988` `a virus in a plant leaf in the New York Botanical Garden at 15:29 on 2014-10-23` `a fungus in Central Park in the summer of 1929` `a male lance-tailed manakin in a courtship display on Isla Boca Brava`

occurrenceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID
定義	An identifier for a dwc:Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of a dwc:Occurrence).
註釋	In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the dwc:occurrenceID globally unique.
範例	`https://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:231731?seid=966527` `3854b337a-da0b-483f-a1c7-107403bdbb40` `http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3854b337a-da0b-483f-a1c7-107403bdbb40`

recordedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedBy
定義	A name for a dcterms:Agent responsible for recording a dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`José E. Crespo` `Oliver P. Pearson \| Anita K. Pearson` `Megatherium Club` `The Natural History Society of Northumbria` `ROV SuBastian`

recordedByID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/recordedByID
定義	An identifier for a dcterms:Agent responsible for recording a dwc:Occurrence.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097` (for an individual) `https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097 \| https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0098` (for a list of people)

individualCount
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/individualCount
定義	The number of individuals present at the time of the dwc:Occurrence.
註釋
範例	`0` `1` `25`

organismQuantity
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantity
定義	A number or enumeration value for the quantity of dwc:Organisms.
註釋	A dwc:organismQuantity must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantityType.
範例	`27` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType) `12.5` (organismQuantity) with `% biomass` (organismQuantityType) `r` (organismQuantity) with `Braun-Blanquet Scale` (organismQuantityType) `many` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType)

organismQuantityType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantityType
定義	The type of quantification system used for the quantity of dwc:Organisms.
註釋	A dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`27` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType) `12.5` (organismQuantity) with `% biomass` (organismQuantityType) `r` (organismQuantity) with `Braun-Blanquet Scale` (organismQuantityType) `many` (organismQuantity) with `individuals` (organismQuantityType)

sex
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex
定義	A sex of a dwc:Organism.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`female` `male` `hermaphrodite`

lifeStage
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lifeStage
定義	An age class or life stage of a dwc:Organism.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`zygote` `larva` `juvenile` `adult` `seedling` `flowering` `fruiting`

reproductiveCondition
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/reproductiveCondition
定義	A reproductive condition of a dwc:Organism.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`non-reproductive` `pregnant` `in bloom` `fruit-bearing`

caste
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/caste
定義	A social caste of a dwc:Organism.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary that aligns best with a dwc:Taxon. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`queen` `male alate` `intercaste` `minor worker` `soldier` `ergatoid`

behavior
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/behavior
定義	A behavior shown by a dwc:Organism.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`roosting` `foraging` `running`

vitality
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vitality
定義	為顯示生物體是否活著的指標欄位。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`alive` `dead` `mixedLot` `uncertain` `notAssessed`

establishmentMeans
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/establishmentMeans
定義	關於一種或多種生物是否藉由現代人類的直接或間接活動引入特定地點和時間的聲明或評估。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`native` `nativeEndemic` `nativeReintroduced` `introduced` `introducedAssistedColonisation` `vagrant` `uncertain`

degreeOfEstablishment
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/degreeOfEstablishment
定義	The degree to which a dwc:Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`native` `captive` `cultivated` `released` `failing` `casual` `reproducing` `established` `colonising` `invasive` `widespreadInvasive`

pathway
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/pathway
定義	The process by which a dwc:Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`releasedForUse` `otherEscape` `transportContaminant` `transportStowaway` `corridor` `unaided`

occurrenceStatus
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceStatus
定義	A statement about the detection or non-detection of a dwc:Organism during a dwc:Event.
註釋	For dwc:Occurrences, the default vocabulary is recommended to consist of detected and notDetected, but can be extended by implementers with good justification. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`detected` `notDetected`

associatedOccurrences
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOccurrences
定義	與該筆紀錄相關的其他出現紀錄，若有多個連結以 "\|" 分隔。
註釋	此術語可用於提供與其他出現紀錄關聯的清單。請注意，資源關係類別是表示關聯的替代方式，且能提供更詳細的資訊。建議最佳實務做法是使用空格、垂直線、空格（ \| ）分隔。
範例	`"parasite collected from":"https://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:215895?seid=950760"` `"encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3175067" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177393" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177394" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3177392" \| "encounter previous to":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:292063?seid=3609139"`

associatedTaxa
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedTaxa
定義	與此生物相關的其他生物紀錄列表（使用標點符號分隔及串聯）。
註釋	This term can be used to provide a list of associations to dwc:Taxon records other than the one defined in the dwc:Occurrence. Note that the dwc:ResourceRelationship class is an alternative means of representing associations, and with more detail. This term is not apt for establishing relationships between dwc:Taxon records, only between specific dwc:Occurrences of a dwc:Organism with other dwc:Taxon records. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`"host":"Quercus alba"` `"host":"gbif.org/species/2879737"` `"parasitoid of":"Cyclocephala signaticollis" \| "predator of":"Apis mellifera"`

occurrenceRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceRemarks
定義	該筆出現紀錄註記、備註。
註釋
範例	`found dead on road`

Organism

organismID organismScope organismName causeOfDeath associatedOrganisms previousIdentifications organismRemarks

Organism 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Organism
定義	A particular organism or defined group of organisms considered to be taxonomically homogeneous.
註釋	Instances of the dwc:Organism class are intended to facilitate linking one or more dwc:Identification instances to one or more dwc:Occurrence instances. Therefore, things that are typically assigned scientific names (such as viruses, hybrids, and lichens) and aggregates whose dwc:Occurrences are typically recorded (such as packs, clones, and colonies) are included in the scope of this class. In Darwin Core, dwc:Organism, dwc:Occurrence, and dwc:MaterialEntity are related, but distinct concepts. A dwc:Organism is a biological individual or group with an identity and life history that persists independently of the particular dwc:MaterialEntities through which it is manifested. A dwc:Occurrence is a dwc:Event that represents the presence or state of a dwc:Organism at a place during an interval of time, with no explicit dependency on any dwc:MaterialEntity. A dwc:MaterialEntity represents physical matter, including whole bodies, parts, or derivatives of dwc:Organisms, that may directly or indirectly serve as evidence of a dwc:Occurrence.
範例	`a specific bird` `a specific wolf pack` `a specific instance of a bacterial culture` `a particular plant gathered in the wild, transplanted to a botanical garden, and preserved as a specimen in a collection`

organismID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismID
定義	若該筆紀錄可追溯至生物個體，則可給予生物體ID。可設定有意義的組合格式，或使用全球唯一辨識碼(GUID)或通用唯一辨識碼(UUID)。
註釋
範例	`http://arctos.database.museum/guid/WNMU:Mamm:1249`

organismScope
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismScope
定義	A description of the kind of dwc:Organism instance. Can be used to indicate whether the dwc:Organism instance represents a discrete organism or if it represents a particular type of aggregation.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term is not intended to be used to specify a type of dwc:Taxon. To describe the kind of dwc:Organism using a URI object in RDF, use rdf:type (http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type) instead.
範例	`multicellular organism` `virus` `clone` `pack` `colony`

organismName
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismName
定義	給該生物體取的名字或標籤。
註釋
範例	`Huberta` `Boab Prison Tree` `J pod`

causeOfDeath
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/causeOfDeath
定義	An indication of the known or suspected cause of death of a dwc:Organism.
註釋	The cause may be due to natural causes (e.g., disease, predation), human-related activities (e.g., roadkill, pollution), or other environmental factors (e.g., extreme weather events).
範例	`trap` `poison` `starvation` `drowning` `shooting` `old age` `vehicle collision` `disease` `herbicide` `burning` `infanticide`

associatedOrganisms
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedOrganisms
定義	與此生物相關的其他生物紀錄列表（使用標點符號分隔及串聯）。
註釋	此術語可用於提供與其他出現紀錄關聯的清單。請注意，資源關係類別是表示關聯的替代方式，且能提供更詳細的資訊。建議最佳實務做法是使用空格、垂直線、空格（ \| ）分隔。
範例	`"sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/DMNS:Mamm:14171"` `"parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196208" \| "parent of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:196523" \| "sibling of":"http://arctos.database.museum/guid/MSB:Mamm:142638"`

previousIdentifications
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/previousIdentifications
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of previous assignments of names to the dwc:Organism.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`Chalepidae` `Pinus abies` `Anthus sp., field ID by G. Iglesias \| Anthus correndera, expert ID by C. Cicero 2009-02-12 based on morphology`

organismRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about the dwc:Organism instance.
註釋
範例	`One of a litter of six`

OrganismInteraction

organismInteractionID organismInteractionDescription organismInteractionType

OrganismInteraction 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/OrganismInteraction
定義	An interaction between two dwc:Organisms during a dwc:Event.
註釋	Supports only primary observed interactions, not habitual or derived taxon-level interactions. Pairwise interactions must be used to represent multi-organism interactions. When possible, typify the action rather than the state from which an action is inferred, with the actor as the subject dwc:Occurrence and the acted-upon as the related dwc:Occurrence. Only one direction of a two-way interaction is necessary, though both are permissible as distinct OrganismInteractions with distinct subject dwc:Occurrences.
範例	`a bee visiting a flower` `a Mallophora ruficauda hunting an Apis mellifera in flight` `a viral infection in a plant` `a female spider mating with a male spider` `a lion cub nursing from its mother` `a mosquito sucking blood from a chimpanzee's arm` `a slug eating a fungus growing on decomposing stump (2 interactions)`

organismInteractionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismInteractionID
定義	An identifier for a dwc:OrganismInteraction.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例

organismInteractionDescription
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismInteractionDescription
定義	A verbatim description of a dwc:OrganismInteraction.
註釋
範例	`Mallophora ruficauda captured an Apis mellifera worker in flight.`

organismInteractionType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismInteractionType
定義	A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:OrganismInteraction.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`visitedFlowerOf` `parasitized` `matedWith` `wasAttachedTo`

MeasurementOrFact

measurementID parentMeasurementID measurementType verbatimMeasurementType measurementValue measurementAccuracy measurementUnit measurementDeterminedBy measurementDeterminedDate measurementMethod measurementRemarks

MeasurementOrFact 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MeasurementOrFact
定義	A measurement of or fact about an rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource).
註釋	Resources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to instances of dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialEntity, dwc:Event, dcterms:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
範例	`the weight of a dwc:Organism in grams` `the number of placental scars` `surface water temperature in Celsius`

measurementID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementID
定義	An identifier for the dwc:MeasurementOrFact (information pertaining to measurements, facts, characteristics, or assertions). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
註釋
範例	`9c752d22-b09a-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459`

parentMeasurementID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentMeasurementID
定義	An identifier for a broader dwc:MeasurementOrFact that groups this and potentially other dwc:MeasurementOrFacts.
註釋	May be a globally unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
範例	`9c752d22-b09a-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459` `E1_E1_O1_M1`

measurementType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementType
定義	The nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`tail length` `temperature` `trap line length` `survey area` `trap type`

verbatimMeasurementType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimMeasurementType
定義	A string representing the type of measurement or fact as it appeared in the original record.
註釋	This term is meant to allow the capture of an unaltered original name for a measurement or fact type. This term is meant to be used in addition to dwc:measurementType, not instead of it.
範例	`water_temp` `Fish biomass` `sampling net mesh size`

measurementValue
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementValue
定義	The value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`45` `20` `1` `14.5` `UV-light`

measurementAccuracy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementAccuracy
定義	The description of the potential error associated with the dwc:measurementValue.
註釋
範例	`0.01` `normal distribution with variation of 2 m`

measurementUnit
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementUnit
定義	The units associated with the dwc:measurementValue.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the International System of Units (SI). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`m` `g` `l` `°C` `mm` `km²` `%` `hh:mm:ss`

measurementDeterminedBy
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedBy
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of names of people, groups, or organizations who determined the value of the dwc:MeasurementOrFact.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`Rob Guralnick` `Peter Desmet \| Stijn Van Hoey`

measurementDeterminedDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementDeterminedDate
定義	The date on which the dwc:MeasurementOrFact was made.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

measurementMethod
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementMethod
定義	A description of or reference to (publication, URI) the method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
註釋	This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`minimum convex polygon around burrow entrances` (for a home range area) `barometric altimeter` (for an elevation)

measurementRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/measurementRemarks
定義	Comments or notes accompanying the dwc:MeasurementOrFact.
註釋
範例	`tip of tail missing`

Media

Media 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/Media
定義	A digital or physical media resource.
註釋	An instance of digital textual media may be better represented as a dcterms:BibliographicResource.
範例	`dcmi:Sound` `dcmi:StillImage` `dcmi:MovingImage` `dcmi:InteractiveResource` `ac:Digital3DResource`

MolecularProtocol

molecularProtocolID assayType

MolecularProtocol 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MolecularProtocol
定義	A protocol used to perform a dwc:NucleotideAnalysis and potentially derive a dwc:NucleotideSequence from a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋
範例	`a standard DNA barcoding workflow using Sanger sequencing` `a shotgun metagenomics pipeline for microbial community profiling` `a high-throughput amplicon sequencing protocol targeting 16S rRNA`

molecularProtocolID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/molecularProtocolID
定義	An identifier for a dwc:MolecularProtocol.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例

assayType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/assayType
定義	A type of method used in a study to detect taxon/taxa of interest in a dwc:MaterialEntity.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`targeted` `metabarcoding` `other`

NucleotideAnalysis

readCount processedTotalReadCount

NucleotideAnalysis 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/NucleotideAnalysis
定義	A link between a dwc:NucleotideSequence or a dwc:Identification and a dwc:Event and a dwc:MaterialEntity from which it was derived, using a specified dwc:Protocol.
註釋
範例

readCount
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/readCount
定義	The number of reads obtained for a processed dwc:NucleotideSequence during a dwc:NucleotideAnalysis.
註釋
範例	`325` `73591` `8302`

processedTotalReadCount
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/processedTotalReadCount
定義	The total number of reads obtained for a processed dwc:NucleotideSequence during a dwc:NucleotideAnalysis.
註釋
範例	`50638`, `345987`, `764032`

NucleotideSequence

sequence nucleotideSequenceRemarks

NucleotideSequence 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/NucleotideSequence
定義	A digital representation of a nucleotide sequence.
註釋
範例

sequence
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sequence
定義	A string representing nucleotide base pairs.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use IUPAC single character symbols (https://www.bioinformatics.org/sms/iupac.html). Use "N" for an unknown or missing nucleotide, and avoid using "?". The sequence should be written in the 5' to 3' direction.
範例	`TCTATCCTCAATTATAGGTCATAATTCACCATCAG`

nucleotideSequenceRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nucleotideSequenceRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about a dwc:NucleotideSequence.
註釋
範例

Protocol

protocolID protocolType protocolDescription protocolRemarks

Protocol 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Protocol
定義	A method used during an action.
註釋
範例	`a pitfall trap method for sampling ground-dwelling arthropods` `a point-radius georeferencing method` `a linear regression model to estimate body mass from skeletal measurements` `a Bayesian phylogenetic inference method`

protocolID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/protocolID
定義	An identifier for a dwc:Protocol.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例

protocolType
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/protocolType
定義	A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Protocol.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
範例	`measurement` `georeference` `chronometricAge` `chronometricAgeConversion` `samplingEffort`

protocolDescription
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/protocolDescription
定義	A detailed description of a dwc:Protocol.
註釋
範例	`Georeference following Zermoglio et al. 2020 (https://doi.org/10.35035/e09p-h128), using GeoPick (https://geopick.gbif.org/) for named place determinations and Georeferencing Calculator (https://github.com/VertNet/georefcalculator) for complex uncertainties.`

protocolRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/protocolRemarks
定義	Comments or notes about a dwc:Protocol.
註釋
範例

Provenance

projectTitle projectID fundingAttribution fundingAttributionID

Provenance 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Provenance
定義	Information about an entity’s origins.
註釋	This is a convenience class to group related properties.
範例

projectTitle
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/projectTitle
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of titles or names for projects that contributed to a dwc:Event.
註釋	Use this term to provide the official name or title of a project as it is commonly known and cited. Avoid abbreviations unless they are widely understood. The recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`Arctic Deep` `Scalidophora i Noreg` `The Nansen Legacy` `Underwater Oases of the Mar del Plata Canyon: Talud Continental IV`

projectID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/projectID
定義	A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers for projects that contributed to a dwc:Event.
註釋	A projectID may be shared in multiple distinct datasets. The nature of the association can be described in the metadata project description element. This term should be used to provide a globally unique identifier (GUID) for a project, if available. This could be a DOI, URI, or any other persistent identifier that ensures a project can be uniquely distinguished from others. The Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`https://arvenetternansen.com/` `https://doi.org/10.26259/3b15eca7` `https://doi.org/10.3030/101180559` `OC202405` `RCN276730` `RCN276730 \| Artsproject_7-24`

fundingAttribution
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/ac/terms/fundingAttribution
定義	Text description of organizations or individuals who funded the creation of the resource.
註釋	Specify the full official name of the funding body. This should include the complete name without abbreviations, unless the abbreviation is an official and commonly recognized form (e.g., NSF for the National Science Foundation). The recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`Artsdatabanken` `National Science Foundation` `Norges forskningsråd` `Ocean Census \| Nippon Foundation`

fundingAttributionID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/fundingAttributionID
定義	An identifier for a dcterms:Agent that financially supported a project.
註釋	Provide a unique identifier for the funding body, such as an identifier used in governmental or international databases. If no official identifier exists, use a persistent and unique identifier within your organization or dataset. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ).
範例	`https://ror.org/00epmv149` `https://ror.org/00epmv149 \| https://ror.org/04jnzhb65` `https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13102615`

ResourceRelationship

resourceRelationshipID resourceID relationshipOfResourceID relatedResourceID relationshipOfResource relationshipAccordingTo relationshipEstablishedDate relationshipRemarks

ResourceRelationship 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ResourceRelationship
定義	A relationship of one rdfs:Resource (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource) to another.
註釋	Resources can be thought of as identifiable records or instances of classes and may include, but need not be limited to instances of dwc:Occurrence, dwc:Organism, dwc:MaterialEntity, dwc:Event, dcterms:Location, dwc:GeologicalContext, dwc:Identification, or dwc:Taxon.
範例	`an instance of a dwc:Organism is the mother of another instance of a dwc:Organism` `a uniquely identified dwc:Occurrence represents the same dwc:Occurrence as another uniquely identified dwc:Occurrence` `a dwc:MaterialEntity is a subsample of another dwc:MaterialEntity`

resourceRelationshipID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceRelationshipID
定義	An identifier for a dwc:ResourceRelationship.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例

resourceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/resourceID
定義	An identifier for the resource that is the subject of the relationship.
註釋
範例	`f809b9e0-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459`

relationshipOfResourceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResourceID
定義	An identifier for the relationship type (predicate) that connects the subject identified by dwc:resourceID to its object identified by dwc:relatedResourceID.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use the identifiers of the terms in a controlled vocabulary, such as the OBO Relation Ontology.
範例	`http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002456` (for the relation `pollinated by`) `http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002455` (for the relation `pollinates`) `https://www.inaturalist.org/observation_fields/879` (for the relation `eaten by`)

relatedResourceID
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relatedResourceID
定義	An identifier for the related resource (the object) of a dwc:ResourceRelationship.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a globally unique identifier.
範例	`dc609808-b09b-11e8-96f8-529269fb1459`

relationshipOfResource
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipOfResource
定義	記錄不同筆資料間的相關性，建議使用控制詞彙。
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
範例	`same as` `duplicate of` `mother of` `offspring of` `sibling of` `parasite of` `host of` `valid synonym of` `located within` `pollinator of members of taxon` `pollinated specific plant` `pollinated by members of taxon` `on slab with`

relationshipAccordingTo
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipAccordingTo
定義	建立兩資源關係的來源（人物、組織、出版社、參考文獻等）。
註釋
範例	`Julie Woodruff`

relationshipEstablishedDate
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipEstablishedDate
定義	The date-time on which the relationship between the two resources was established.
註釋	Recommended best practice is to use a date that conforms to ISO 8601-1:2019.
範例	`1963-03-08T14:07-06:00` (8 Mar 1963 at or after 2:07pm and before 2:08pm in the time zone six hours earlier than UTC) `2009-02-20T08:40Z` (20 February 2009 at or after 8:40am and before 8:41 UTC) `2018-08-29T15:19` (29 August 2018 at or after 3:19pm and before 3:20pm local time) `1809-02-12` (within the day 12 February 1809) `1906-06` (in the month of June 1906) `1971` (in the year 1971) `2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z` (some time within the interval beginning 1 March 2007 at 1pm UTC and before 11 May 2008 at 3:30pm UTC) `1900/1909` (some time within the interval between the beginning of the year 1900 and before the year 1909) `2007-11-13/15` (some time in the interval between the beginning of 13 November 2007 and before 15 November 2007)

relationshipRemarks
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/relationshipRemarks
定義	relationshipOfResource的其他文字註記。
註釋
範例	`mother and offspring collected from the same nest` `pollinator captured in the act`

Taxon

Taxon 類別
識別碼	http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Taxon
定義	A group of organisms (sensu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026) considered by taxonomists to form a homogeneous unit.
註釋
範例	`the genus Truncorotaloides as published by Brönnimann et al. in 1953 in the Journal of Paleontology Vol. 27(6) p. 817-820`

taxonID

識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonID

定義 An identifier for a dwc:Taxon.

註釋

範例

8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001</li>
32567</code>
https://www.gbif.org/species/212

</ul></td></tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


    
  

  
    scientificNameID
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameID
    定義 An identifier for the nomenclatural (not taxonomic) details of a scientific name.
    註釋 
    範例 urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:37829-1:1.3
  



    
  

  
    acceptedNameUsageID
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsageID
    定義 目前動物學有效或植物學接受的學名使用（根據來源所記載的學名涵義）識別碼。
    註釋 此詞應使用在同物異名或誤拼學名，以指向一分類群記錄的 dwc:taxonID；該分類群代表植物學的接受名或動物學的有效名。在達爾文核心集檔案中，相關的記錄應該包含在檔案本身內部。
    範例 tsn:41107 (ITIS)
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2 (IPNI)
2704179 (GBIF)
6W3C4 (COL)
  



    
  

  
    parentNameUsageID
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsageID
    定義 An identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the dwc:scientificName.
    註釋 This term should be used for accepted names to refer to the dwc:taxonID of a dwc:Taxon record that represents the next higher taxon rank in the same taxonomic classification. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
    範例 tsn:41074 (ITIS)
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001404-2 (IPNI)
2704173 (GBIF)
6T8N (COL)
  



    
  

  
    originalNameUsageID
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsageID
    定義 An identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) in which the terminal element of the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
    註釋 This term should be used to refer to the dwc:taxonID of a dwc:Taxon record that represents the usage of the terminal element of the dwc:scientificName as originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would establish the relationship between a record representing a subsequent combination and the record for its corresponding basionym. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks. For Darwin Core Archives the related record should be present locally in the same archive.
    範例 tsn:41107 (ITIS)
urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:320035-2 (IPNI)
2704179 (GBIF)
6W3C4 (COL)
  



    
  

  
    nameAccordingToID
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingToID
    定義 An identifier for the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied. See dwc:nameAccordingTo.
    註釋 
    範例 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-915X(97)80026-2
  



    
  

  
    namePublishedInID
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInID
    定義 An identifier for the publication in which the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
    註釋 A citation of the first publication of the name in its given combination, not the basionym / original name. Recombinations are often not published in zoology, in which case dwc:namePublishedInID should be empty.
    範例 
  



    
  

  
    taxonConceptID
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonConceptID
    定義 An identifier for the taxonomic concept to which the record refers - not for the nomenclatural details of a dwc:Taxon.
    註釋 
    範例 8fa58e08-08de-4ac1-b69c-1235340b7001
  



    
  

  
    scientificName
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName
    定義 The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of a dwc:Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined.
    註釋 This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term. When applied to an Organism or Occurrence, this term should be used to represent the scientific name that was applied to the associated Organism in accordance with the Taxon to which it was or is currently identified. Names should be compliant to the most recent nomenclatural code. For example, names of hybrids for algae, fungi and plants should follow the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code Articles H.1, H.2 and H.3). Thus, use the multiplication sign × (Unicode U+00D7, HTML ×) to identify a hybrid, not x or X, if possible.
    範例 Coleoptera (order)
Vespertilionidae (family)
Manis (genus)
Ctenomys sociabilis (genus + specificEpithet)
Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli (genus + specificEpithet + infraspecificEpithet)
Roptrocerus typographi (Györfi, 1952) (genus + specificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship)
Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia (Torr.) J.T. Howell (genus + specificEpithet + taxonRank + infraspecificEpithet + scientificNameAuthorship)
×Agropogon littoralis (Sm.) C. E. Hubb.
Mentha ×smithiana R. A. Graham
`Agrostis stolonifera L. × Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.
  



    
  

  
    acceptedNameUsage
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsage
    定義 目前有效（動物）或接受（植物）並包含命名作者及年代（若已知）的完整學名。
    註釋 植物學的接受名或動物學的有效名，包含已知的作者、年代的完整學名字串，用在當參考自 dwc:nameAccordingTo 屬性或內容提供者認為所提供的 dwc:scientificName 為同物異名或誤拼時。當應用在 dwc:Organism 或 dwc:Occurrence，此詞彙應在內容提供者認為 dwc:scientificName 與其分類觀點不一致的情況下使用。例如，標本蒐藏和觀測的資料集所記載的學名（最近一次專家對標本的鑑定，或針對 dwc:Organism 的野外觀測辨認），與內容提供者所認為在分類學上的接受的學名之間，常有許多差異。
    範例 Tamias minimus （Eutamias minimus 的有效學名）
  



    
  

  
    parentNameUsage
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentNameUsage
    定義 The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the direct, most proximate higher-rank parent dwc:Taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the dwc:scientificName.
    註釋 
    範例 Rubiaceae
Gruiformes
Testudinae
  



    
  

  
    originalNameUsage
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/originalNameUsage
    定義 The taxon name, with authorship and date information if known, as it originally appeared when first established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode. The basionym (botany) or basonym (bacteriology) of the dwc:scientificName or the senior/earlier homonym for replaced names.
    註釋 The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known, of the name usage in which the terminal element of the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode. For example, for names governed by the ICNafp, this term would indicate the basionym of a record representing a subsequent combination. Unlike basionyms, however, this term can apply to scientific names at all ranks.
    範例 Pinus abies
Gasterosteus saltatrix Linnaeus 1768
  



    
  

  
    nameAccordingTo
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo
    定義 The reference to the source in which the specific taxon concept circumscription is defined or implied - traditionally signified by the Latin "sensu" or "sec." (from secundum, meaning "according to"). For taxa that result from identifications, a reference to the keys, monographs, experts and other sources should be given.
    註釋 This term provides context to the dwc:scientificName. Together with the dwc:scientificName, separated by sensu or sec., it forms the taxon concept label, which may be seen as having the same relationship to dwc:taxonConceptID as, for example, dwc:acceptedNameUsage has to dwc:acceptedNameUsageID. When not provided, in Taxon Core data sets the dwc:nameAccordingTo can be taken to be the data set. In this case the data set mostly provides sufficient context to infer the delimitation of the taxon and its relationship with other taxa. In Occurrence Core data sets, when not provided, dwc:nameAccordingTo can be an underlying taxonomy of the data set, e.g., Plants of the World Online (http://powo.science.kew.org/) for vascular plant records in iNaturalist (in which case it should be provided), or, which is the case for most dwc:PreservedSpecimen data sets, the dwc:Identification, in which case there is no further context.
    範例 Franz NM, Cardona-Duque J (2013) Description of two new species and phylogenetic reassessment of Perelleschus Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with a complete taxonomic concept history of Perelleschus sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque, 2013. Syst Biodivers. 11: 209–236. (as the full citation of the Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013) in Perelleschus splendida sec. Franz & Cardona-Duque (2013))
  



    
  

  
    namePublishedIn
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedIn
    定義 A reference for the publication in which the dwc:scientificName was originally established under the rules of the associated dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
    註釋 A citation of the first publication of the name in its given combination, not the basionym / original name. Recombinations are often not published in zoology, in which case dwc:namePublishedIn should be empty.
    範例 Pearson O. P., and M. I. Christie. 1985. Historia Natural, 5(37):388
Forel, Auguste, Diagnosies provisoires de quelques espèces nouvelles de fourmis de Madagascar, récoltées par M. Grandidier., Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, Comptes-rendus des Seances 30, 1886
  



    
  

  
    namePublishedInYear
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedInYear
    定義 The four-digit year in which the dwc:scientificName was published.
    註釋 
    範例 1915
2008
  



    
  

  
    higherClassification
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherClassification
    定義 A list (concatenated and separated) of taxa names terminating at the rank immediately superior to the referenced dwc:Taxon.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( | ), with terms in order from the highest taxonomic rank to the lowest.
    範例 Plantae | Tracheophyta | Magnoliopsida | Ranunculales | Ranunculaceae | Ranunculus
Animalia
Animalia | Chordata | Vertebrata | Mammalia | Theria | Eutheria | Rodentia | Hystricognatha | Hystricognathi | Ctenomyidae | Ctenomyini | Ctenomys
  



    
  

  
    kingdom
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom
    定義 The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Animalia
Archaea
Bacteria
Chromista
Fungi
Plantae
Protozoa
Viruses
  



    
  

  
    phylum
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum
    定義 The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Chordata (phylum)
Bryophyta (division)
  



    
  

  
    class
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class
    定義 分類所屬的完整綱名。
    註釋 
    範例 Mammalia
Hepaticopsida
  



    
  

  
    order
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order
    定義 The full scientific name of the order in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Carnivora
Monocleales
  



    
  

  
    superfamily
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/superfamily
    定義 The full scientific name of the superfamily in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 A taxonomic category subordinate to an order and superior to a family. According to ICZN article 29.2, the suffix -oidea is used for a superfamily name.
    範例 Achatinoidea
Cerithioidea
Helicoidea
Hypsibioidea
Valvatoidea
Zonitoidea
  



    
  

  
    family
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family
    定義 The full scientific name of the family in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Felidae
Monocleaceae
  



    
  

  
    subfamily
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subfamily
    定義 The full scientific name of the subfamily in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Periptyctinae
Orchidoideae
Sphindociinae
  



    
  

  
    tribe
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/tribe
    定義 The full scientific name of the tribe in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Ortaliini
Arethuseae
  



    
  

  
    subtribe
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subtribe
    定義 The full scientific name of the subtribe in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Plotinini
Typhaeini
  



    
  

  
    genus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus
    定義 The full scientific name of the genus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 
    範例 Puma
Monoclea
  



    
  

  
    genericName
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genericName
    定義 The genus part of the dwc:scientificName without authorship.
    註釋 For synonyms the accepted genus and the genus part of the name may be different. The term dwc:genericName should be used together with dwc:specificEpithet to form a binomial and with dwc:infraspecificEpithet to form a trinomial. The term dwc:genericName should only be used for combinations. Uninomials of generic rank do not have a dwc:genericName.
    範例 Felis (for scientificName Felis concolor, with accompanying values of Puma concolor in acceptedNameUsage and Puma in genus)
  



    
  

  
    subgenus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subgenus
    定義 The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
    註釋 A value for this term should be a complete subgenus name as required by the appropriate nomenclatural code.
    範例 Abacetus (Parastygis)
Dicranum subgen. Orthodicranum
  



    
  

  
    infragenericEpithet
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infragenericEpithet
    定義 The infrageneric part of a binomial name at ranks above species but below genus.
    註釋 The term dwc:infragenericEpithet should be used in conjunction with dwc:genericName, dwc:specificEpithet, dwc:infraspecificEpithet, dwc:taxonRank and dwc:scientificNameAuthorship to represent the individual elements of the complete dwc:scientificName. It can be used to indicate the subgenus placement of a species, which in zoology is often given in parentheses. Can also be used to share infrageneric names such as botanical sections (e.g., Vicia sect. Cracca).
    範例 Abacetillus (for scientificName Abacetus (Abacetillus) ambiguus)
Cracca (for scientificName Vicia sect. Cracca)
  



    
  

  
    specificEpithet
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet
    定義 The name of the first or species epithet of the dwc:scientificName.
    註釋 
    範例 concolor
gottschei
  



    
  

  
    infraspecificEpithet
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infraspecificEpithet
    定義 The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific of the dwc:scientificName.
    註釋 In botany, name strings in literature and identifications may have multiple infraspecific ranks. According to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code Articles 6.7 & Art. 24.1), valid names only have two epithets, with the lowest rank being the dwc:infraspecificEpithet. For example: the dwc:infraspecificEpithet in the string Indigofera charlieriana subsp. sessilis var. scaberrima is scaberrima and the dwc:scientificName is Indigofera charlieriana var. scaberrima. Use dwc:verbatimIdentification for the full name string used in a dwc:Identification. 
    範例 concolor (for scientificName Puma concolor concolor)
oxyadenia (for scientificName Quercus agrifolia var. oxyadenia)
laxa (for scientificName Cheilanthes hirta f. laxa)
scaberrima (for scientificName Indigofera charlieriana var. scaberrima)
  



    
  

  
    cultivarEpithet
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/cultivarEpithet
    定義 Part of the name of a cultivar, cultivar group or grex that follows the dwc:scientificName.
    註釋 According to the Rules of the Cultivated Plant Code, a cultivar name consists of a botanical name followed by a cultivar epithet. The value given as the dwc:cultivarEpithet should exclude any quotes. The term dwc:taxonRank should be used to indicate which type of cultivated plant name (e.g., cultivar, cultivar group, grex) is concerned. This epithet, including any enclosing apostrophes or suffix, should be provided in dwc:scientificName as well.
    範例 King Edward (for scientificName Solanum tuberosum 'King Edward' and taxonRank cultivar)
Mishmiense (for scientificName Rhododendron boothii Mishmiense Group and taxonRank cultivar group)
Atlantis (for scientificName Paphiopedilum Atlantis grex and taxonRank grex)
  



    
  

  
    taxonRank
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank
    定義 The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the dwc:scientificName.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. The taxon ranks of algae, fungi and plants are defined in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code Articles H3.2, H4.4 and H.3.1).
    範例 subspecies
varietas
forma
species
genus
nothogenus
nothospecies
nothosubspecies
  



    
  

  
    verbatimTaxonRank
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimTaxonRank
    定義 The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the dwc:scientificName as it appears in the original record.
    註釋 
    範例 Agamospecies
sub-lesus
prole
apomict
nothogrex
sp.
subsp.
var.
  



    
  

  
    scientificNameAuthorship
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship
    定義 The authorship information for the dwc:scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
    註釋 
    範例 (Torr.) J.T. Howell
(Martinovský) Tzvelev
(Györfi, 1952)
  



    
  

  
    vernacularName
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/vernacularName
    定義 常見名稱或俗名。
    註釋 
    範例 cóndor andino
death cap
rainbow trout
Gänsegeier
smoky quartz
  



    
  

  
    nomenclaturalCode
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalCode
    定義 The nomenclatural code (or codes in the case of an ambiregnal name) under which the dwc:scientificName is constructed.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
    範例 ICN
ICZN
BC
ICNCP
BioCode
  



    
  

  
    taxonomicStatus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonomicStatus
    定義 The status of the use of the dwc:scientificName as a label for a taxon. Requires taxonomic opinion to define the scope of a dwc:Taxon. Rules of priority then are used to define the taxonomic status of the nomenclature contained in that scope, combined with the experts opinion. It must be linked to a specific taxonomic reference that defines the concept.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
    範例 invalid
misapplied
homotypic synonym
accepted
  



    
  

  
    nomenclaturalStatus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nomenclaturalStatus
    定義 The status related to the original publication of the name and its conformance to the relevant rules of nomenclature. It is based essentially on an algorithm according to the business rules of the code. It requires no taxonomic opinion.
    註釋 
    範例 nom. ambig.
nom. illeg.
nom. subnud.
  



    
  

  
    taxonRemarks
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRemarks
    定義 Comments or notes about the taxon or name.
    註釋 
    範例 this name is a misspelling in common use
  



## UsagePolicy



  



  
    UsagePolicy 類別
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/UsagePolicy
    定義 Information about rights, usage, and attribution statements applicable to an entity.
    註釋 This is a convenience class to group related properties.
    範例 
  




## LivingSpecimen



  



  
    LivingSpecimen 類別
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/LivingSpecimen
    定義 標本為活體。
    註釋 
    範例 a living plant in a botanical garden
a living animal in a zoo
  




## PreservedSpecimen



  



  
    PreservedSpecimen 類別
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/PreservedSpecimen
    定義 A specimen that has been preserved.
    註釋 
    範例 a plant on an herbarium sheet
a cataloged lot of fish in a jar
  




## FossilSpecimen



  



  
    FossilSpecimen 類別
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/FossilSpecimen
    定義 A preserved specimen that is a fossil.
    註釋 
    範例 a body fossil
a coprolite
a gastrolith
an ichnofossil
a piece of a petrified tree
  




## MaterialCitation



  



  
    MaterialCitation 類別
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MaterialCitation
    定義 A reference to or citation of one, a part of, or multiple specimens in scholarly publications.
    註釋 This class constitutes a new value for the controlled vocabulary in the recommendations for basisOfRecord. When importing Darwin Core Archives of literature-based datasets to GBIF, the basisOfRecord should be changed from "Occurrence", "PreservedSpecimen" or "Literature" to "MaterialCitation".
    範例 a citation of a physical specimen from a scientific collection in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication
a citation of a group of physical specimens, such as paratypes in a taxonomic treatment in a scientific publication
  




## HumanObservation



  



  
    HumanObservation 類別
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/HumanObservation
    定義 An output of a human observation process.
    註釋 
    範例 evidence of a dwc:Occurrence taken from field notes or literature
a record of a dwc:Occurrence without physical evidence or evidence captured with a machine
  




## MachineObservation



  



  
    MachineObservation 類別
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/MachineObservation
    定義 An output of a machine observation process.
    註釋 
    範例 a photograph
a video
an audio recording
a remote sensing image
a dwc:Occurrence record based on telemetry
  




## UseWithIRI

有關 「UseWithIRI」的詳細資訊，請參閱 [RDF 指南第 2.5 節](https://dwc.tdwg.org/rdf/#25-terms-in-the-dwciri-namespace-normative)。


      assayType
      assertionBy
      assertionType
      assertionUnit
      assertionValue
      behavior
      caste
      dataGeneralizations
      degreeOfEstablishment
      disposition
      earliestGeochronologicalEra
      establishmentMeans
      eventCategory
      eventType
      fieldNotes
      fieldNumber
      footprintSRS
      footprintWKT
      fundingAttribution
      fromLithostratigraphicUnit
      geodeticDatum
      georeferencedBy
      georeferenceProtocol
      georeferenceSources
      georeferenceVerificationStatus
      habitat
      identificationQualifier
      identificationType
      identificationVerificationStatus
      identifiedBy
      inCollection
      inDataset
      inDescribedPlace
      informationWithheld
      language
      latestGeochronologicalEra
      lifeStage
      locationAccordingTo
      materialEntityCategory
      materialEntityType
      measurementDeterminedBy
      measurementMethod
      measurementType
      measurementUnit
      measurementValue
      occurrenceStatus
      organismInteractionType
      organismQuantityType
      organismScope
      pathway
      preferredSpatialRepresentation
      preparations
      protocolType
      recordedBy
      recordNumber
      reproductiveCondition
      sampledSubstrateCategory
      sampledSubstrateLayer
      sampleSizeUnit
      samplingProtocol
      sex
      siteNumber
      taxonFormula
      toDigitalSpecimen
      toTaxon
      typeStatus
      verbatimCoordinateSystem
      verbatimSRS
      verticalDatum
      vitality
  




  

  
    assayType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/assayType
    定義 A type of method used in a study to detect taxon/taxa of interest in a dwc:MaterialEntity.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    assertionBy
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/assertionBy
    定義 An IRI identifying a dcterms:Agent responsible for making a dwc:Assertion.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    assertionType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/assertionType
    定義 A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Assertion.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    assertionUnit
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/assertionUnit
    定義 A unit associated with the value in dwc:assertionValue.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org for SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/metre
http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/second-Time
  



  

  
    assertionValue
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/assertionValue
    定義 An asserted value.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0960/
  



  

  
    behavior
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/behavior
    定義 A behavior shown by a dwc:Organism.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    caste
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/caste
    定義 A social caste of a dwc:Organism.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary that aligns best with a dwc:Taxon. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    dataGeneralizations
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/dataGeneralizations
    定義 Actions taken to make the shared data less specific or complete than in its original form. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    degreeOfEstablishment
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/degreeOfEstablishment
    定義 The degree to which a dwc:Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d003
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/values/d005
  



  

  
    disposition
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/disposition
    定義 A current state of a dwc:MaterialEntity with respect to where it can be found.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    earliestGeochronologicalEra
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/earliestGeochronologicalEra
    定義 Use to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the earliest possible geological time period from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
    範例 
  



  

  
    establishmentMeans
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/establishmentMeans
    定義 Statement about whether a dwc:Organism has been introduced to a given place and time through the direct or indirect activity of modern humans.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/em/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e001
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e005
  



  

  
    eventCategory
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/eventCategory
    定義 A broad category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Event.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a limited, tightly controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    eventType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/eventType
    定義 A narrow category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Event.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    fieldNotes
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNotes
    定義 One of a) an indicator of the existence of, b) a reference to (publication, URI), or c) the text of notes taken in the field about the dwc:Event.
    註釋 The subject is a dwc:Event instance and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
    範例 
  



  

  
    fieldNumber
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fieldNumber
    定義 An identifier given to a dwc:Event in the field.
    註釋 Often serves as a link between field notes and a dwc:Event. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    footprintSRS
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintSRS
    定義 The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geometry given in dwc:footprintWKT is based.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. Otherwise use an IRI for the value corresponding to not recorded.
    範例 
  



  

  
    footprintWKT
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/footprintWKT
    定義 A Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of the shape (footprint, geometry) that defines the dcterms:Location. A dcterms:Location may have both a point-radius representation (see dwc:decimalLatitude) and a footprint representation, and they may differ from each other.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    fundingAttribution
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fundingAttribution
    定義 An organization or agency that provided funding for a project.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    fromLithostratigraphicUnit
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/fromLithostratigraphicUnit
    定義 Use to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to an IRI-identified lithostratigraphic unit at the lowest possible level in a hierarchy.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.7 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
    範例 
  



  

  
    geodeticDatum
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/geodeticDatum
    定義 The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in dwc:decimalLatitude and dwc:decimalLongitude are based.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. If none of these is known, use an IRI corresponding to the value not recorded.
    範例 
  



  

  
    georeferencedBy
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferencedBy
    定義 An IRI identifying a dcterms:Agent responsible for providing a georeference.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    georeferenceProtocol
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceProtocol
    定義 A description or reference to a dwc:Protocol used to determine a spatial footprint, coordinates, and uncertainties.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    georeferenceSources
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceSources
    定義 An IRI for a map, gazetteer, or other resource used to georeference a dcterms:Location.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is describe a georeference with no more than one sampled georeference source. In the case of a georeference that cannot be attributed to a specific source, the recommended best practice is to repeat the property for each IRI that denotes a different source that applies to the georeference. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    georeferenceVerificationStatus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/georeferenceVerificationStatus
    定義 A categorical description of the extent to which the georeference has been verified to represent the best possible spatial description for the dcterms:Location of the dwc:Occurrence.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    habitat
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/habitat
    定義 A category or description of the habitat in which the dwc:Event occurred.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    identificationQualifier
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationQualifier
    定義 A controlled value to express the determiner's doubts about the dwc:Identification.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    identificationType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationType
    定義 A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Identification.
    註釋 The evidentiary basis, analytical approach, or inferential method by which an identification was determined. Values describe the dominant source of information supporting the identification (e.g., morphology, geography, molecular data, functional attributes, relationships, or taxonomic revision), independent of confidence level or taxonomic outcome. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    identificationVerificationStatus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identificationVerificationStatus
    定義 A categorical indicator of the extent to which a taxonomic determination has been verified to be correct.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as that used in HISPID and ABCD. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    identifiedBy
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/identifiedBy
    定義 An IRI identifying a dcterms:Agent responsible for making a dwc:Identification.
    註釋 When used in the context of an eco:Survey, the subject consists of all of the dwc:Identifications related to the eco:Survey. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    inCollection
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inCollection
    定義 Use to link any subject resource that is part of a collection to the collection containing the resource.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces literal-value terms related to collections and institutions. See Section 2.7.3 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
    範例 
  



  

  
    inDataset
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDataset
    定義 Use to link a subject dataset record to the dataset which contains it.
    註釋 A string literal name of the dataset can be provided using the term dwc:datasetName. See the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
    範例 
  



  

  
    inDescribedPlace
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/inDescribedPlace
    定義 Use to link a dcterms:Location instance subject to the lowest level standardized hierarchically-described resource.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled registry. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to locations. See Section 2.7.5 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
    範例 http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/1019987
  



  

  
    informationWithheld
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/informationWithheld
    定義 Additional information that exists about a resource, but that is not shared publicly. Suggests that alternative data of higher quality may be available on request.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



    
  

  
    language
    識別碼 http://purl.org/dc/terms/language
    定義 A language of the resource.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from the Library of Congress ISO 639-2 scheme http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2
    範例 
  



  

  
    latestGeochronologicalEra
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/latestGeochronologicalEra
    定義 Use to link a dwc:GeologicalContext instance to chronostratigraphic time periods at the lowest possible level in a standardized hierarchy. Use this property to point to the latest possible geological time period from which the dwc:MaterialEntity was collected.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to geological context. See Section 2.7.6 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
    範例 
  



  

  
    lifeStage
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/lifeStage
    定義 An age class or life stage of a dwc:Organism.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    locationAccordingTo
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/locationAccordingTo
    定義 Information about the source of this dcterms:Location information. Could be a publication (gazetteer), institution, or team of individuals.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    materialEntityCategory
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/materialEntityCategory
    定義 A high-level, mutually exclusive classification describing the fundamental substance and origin of a dwc:MaterialEntity.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a limited, tightly controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    materialEntityType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/materialEntityType
    定義 A more generic classification of a dwc:MaterialEntity than dwc:preparations but less broad than dwc:materialCategory.
    註釋 A more generic classification of a dwc:MaterialEntity than dwc:preparations. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    measurementDeterminedBy
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementDeterminedBy
    定義 A person, group, or organization who determined the value of the dwc:MeasurementOrFact.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    measurementMethod
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementMethod
    定義 The method or protocol used to determine the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    measurementType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementType
    定義 The nature of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    measurementUnit
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementUnit
    定義 The units associated with the dwc:measurementValue.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/ of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
    範例 
  



  

  
    measurementValue
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/measurementValue
    定義 The value of the measurement, fact, characteristic, or assertion.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0960/
  



  

  
    occurrenceStatus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/occurrenceStatus
    定義 A statement about the detection or non-detection of a dwc:Organism during a dwc:Event.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    organismInteractionType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/organismInteractionType
    定義 A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:OrganismInteraction.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    organismQuantityType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/organismQuantityType
    定義 The type of quantification system used for the quantity of organisms.
    註釋 A dwc:organismQuantityType must have a corresponding dwc:organismQuantity.
    範例 
  



  

  
    organismScope
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/organismScope
    定義 A description of the kind of dwc:Organism instance. Can be used to indicate whether the dwc:Organism instance represents a discrete organism or if it represents a particular type of aggregation.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term is not intended to be used to specify a type of dwc:Taxon. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    pathway
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/pathway
    定義 The process by which a dwc:Organism came to be in a given place at a given time.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use IRIs from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/pw/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p002
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcpw/values/p046
  



  

  
    preferredSpatialRepresentation
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/preferredSpatialRepresentation
    定義 An indication of which spatial representation best represents the dcterms:Location.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    preparations
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/preparations
    定義 A preparation or preservation method for a specimen.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    protocolType
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/protocolType
    定義 A category that best matches the nature of a dwc:Protocol.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    recordedBy
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordedBy
    定義 An IRI identifying a dcterms:Agent responsible for recording a dwc:Occurrence.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    recordNumber
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/recordNumber
    定義 An identifier given to the dwc:Occurrence at the time it was recorded. Often serves as a link between field notes and a dwc:Occurrence record, such as a specimen collector's number.
    註釋 The subject is a dwc:Occurrence and the object is a (possibly IRI-identified) resource that is the field notes.
    範例 
  



  

  
    reproductiveCondition
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/reproductiveCondition
    定義 A reproductive condition of a dwc:Organism.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    sampledSubstrateCategory
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sampledSubstrateCategory
    定義 A category or type of substrate sampled during a dwc:Event.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    sampledSubstrateLayer
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sampledSubstrateLayer
    定義 An IRI identifying a substrate layer sampled during a dwc:Event.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is describe a dwc:Event with no more than one sampled substrate layer. In the case of a dwc:Event that cannot be attributed to a specific layer, the recommended best practice is to repeat the property for each IRI that denotes a different layer that applies to the dwc:Event. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    sampleSizeUnit
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sampleSizeUnit
    定義 The unit of measurement of the size (time duration, length, area, or volume) of a sample in a sampling dwc:Event.
    註釋 A dwciri:sampleSizeUnit must have a corresponding dwc:sampleSizeValue. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Ontology of Units of Measure http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/ of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
    範例 
  



  

  
    samplingProtocol
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/samplingProtocol
    定義 The methods or protocols used during a dwc:Event, denoted by an IRI.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to describe a dwc:Event with no more than one sampling protocol. In the case of a summary dwc:Event in which a specific protocol can not be attributed to specific dwc:Occurrences, the recommended best practice is to repeat the property for each IRI that denotes a different sampling protocol that applies to the dwc:Occurrence.
    範例 
  



  

  
    sex
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/sex
    定義 A sex of a dwc:Organism.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    siteNumber
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/siteNumber
    定義 An identifier for a named site.
    註釋 Usually an institutional identifier for a specific named place as opposed to dwc:locationID, which is an identifier for the entire set of distinct information for an instance of dcterms:Location. This term differs from dwciri:fieldNumber in that dwciri:siteNumber is not related strictly to one dwc:Event. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    taxonFormula
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/taxonFormula
    定義 A pattern to use to construct a dwc:Identification from dwc:Taxon names and identification qualifiers.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    toDigitalSpecimen
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/toDigitalSpecimen
    定義 Use to link a dwc:Identification instance subject to a taxonomic entity such as a taxon, taxon concept, or taxon name use.
    註釋 Use to link a dwc:MaterialEntity instance subject to a Digital Specimem entity.
    範例 
  



  

  
    toTaxon
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/toTaxon
    定義 Use to link a dwc:Identification instance subject to a taxonomic entity such as a taxon, taxon concept, or taxon name use.
    註釋 A "convenience property" that replaces Darwin Core literal-value terms related to taxonomic entities. See Section 2.7.4 of the Darwin Core RDF Guide for details.
    範例 
  



  

  
    typeStatus
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/typeStatus
    定義 A nomenclatural type (type status, typified scientific name, publication) applied to the subject.
    註釋 Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    verbatimCoordinateSystem
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimCoordinateSystem
    定義 A coordinate format for dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude or dwc:verbatimCoordinates.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    verbatimSRS
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verbatimSRS
    定義 The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which coordinates given in dwc:verbatimLatitude and dwc:verbatimLongitude, or dwc:verbatimCoordinates are based.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use an IRI for the EPSG code of the SRS, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the geodetic datum, if known. Otherwise use a controlled vocabulary IRI for the name or code of the ellipsoid, if known. Otherwise use an IRI for the value corresponding to not recorded.
    範例 
  



  

  
    verticalDatum
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/verticalDatum
    定義 The vertical datum used as the reference upon which the values in the elevation terms are based.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



  

  
    vitality
    識別碼 http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/iri/vitality
    定義 An indication of whether a dwc:Organism was alive or dead at the time of collection or observation.
    註釋 Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri: namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
    範例 
  



## 引用達爾文核心標準

要引用達爾文核心標準的一般資訊，請參照經同行評審的達爾文核心標準文件：

> Wieczorek J, Bloom D, Guralnick R, Blum S, Döring M, et al. (2012) Darwin Core: An Evolving Community-Developed Biodiversity Data Standard. PLoS ONE 7(1): e29715. <https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029715>

若要引用本頁所依據的標準文件，請使用以下格式：

> Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. List of Darwin Core terms. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). <http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/list/>

如需具體引用本文件，請使用以下格式：

> Darwin Core Maintenance Group. 2021. Darwin Core Quick Reference Guide. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG). <https://dwc.tdwg.org/terms/>

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